| 研究生: |
張耀升 Yaue-Sheng Chang |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
宜蘭地區豪雨個案之研究 |
| 指導教授: |
林沛練
Pay-Laim Lin 陳台琦 Tai-Chi Chen |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
| 系所名稱: |
地球科學學院 - 大氣物理研究所 Graduate Institute of Atmospheric Physics |
| 畢業學年度: | 92 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 162 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 豪雨 |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:7 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
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宜蘭地區豪雨個案之研究
摘要
本研究目的在於探討秋季在東北季風的綜觀環境條件下,因豐沛的水汽及地形效應影響所引發宜蘭地區豪雨生成與維持的機制。條件不穩定的大氣在環境風場和局部環流的強迫作用下,在迎風面激發長生命期的對流系統。在此對流系統的演變過程中,環境風場的高低層配置、地形效應、水汽皆扮演重要的角色。我們希望藉由ECMWF的網格資料分析和數值模擬結果的相互印證,探討宜蘭地區豪雨之降水分布特徵及演變機制。
選取之降雨個案是使用中央氣象局1994-1996年自動雨量站的資料,個案選取的標準為宜蘭及蘇澳測站日降雨量同時達100公釐以上。所選取的時間區段為台灣地區秋季的9、10二個月。此外,所選取個案的綜觀環境條件為沒有受到強烈綜觀尺度天氣系統的直接影響,意即受到颱風系統及鋒面通過直接影響的個案並不列入考慮。
宜蘭地區長生命期對流系統的生成是因為低層環境風場的增強,空氣在山前形成輻合區,配合著台灣上空在太平洋高壓脊線附近,整層平均風場微弱,而且存在條件性的不穩定,因而產生深上升氣流,且因較弱的環境風場和平均風隨高度呈現反氣旋式旋轉配合之下,使得此對流系統能夠持續的發展,而且在缺乏環境駛流的情況下,系統維持不動而造成長生命降水系統。
1995年10月08日宜蘭地區的豪雨個案,從模式結果分析此個案之垂直速度場、雨水、氣流場、輻散場、降水分佈及相當位溫垂直剖面,東北風將海上的暖濕空氣帶至蘭陽平原,在山前產生條件不穩定層,並在地形作用下誘發抬升運動,促成強對流發生。主要對流胞先後在宜蘭南方山麓生成,成為西北-東南走向的對流系統。環境氣流場受地形影響會產生繞山,而在原對流胞的南方產生輻合生成另一對流胞,對流系統整體往南延伸。如此氣流場的增強與減弱重覆過程,再配合著弱環境風場情況下,使得宜蘭地區對流系統得以滯留,而造成宜蘭地區的豪雨。
依據分析資料及模擬結果建構了,以低層水汽通量與整層平均風所構成之臺灣東北部豪雨指數(WI),經三年四個案測試此豪雨指數,結果相當符合預測宜蘭地區豪雨的目標。
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