針對裂隙岩體裂隙程度(P32)與水利傳導係數之表徵單元體積(REV)進行探討

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研究生：	法麗佳 Himatul Farichah
論文名稱：	針對裂隙岩體裂隙程度(P32)與水利傳導係數之表徵單元體積(REV)進行探討 Representative Elementary Volume of P32 and Hydraulic Conductivity of Fractured Rock masses
指導教授：	田永銘 Yong-Ming Tien
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年：	2017
畢業學年度：	105
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	116
中文關鍵詞：	裂隙岩體、表徵單元體積(REV) 、離散裂隙網絡 (DFN) 、裂隙程度、水利傳導係數、Oda模型、蒙地卡羅模擬
外文關鍵詞：	discrete fracture network (DFN), fracture intensity, fractured rock mass, hydraulic conductivity, Monte Carlo simulation, Oda, representative elementary volume (REV)
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本文針對裂隙岩體裂隙程度(P32)與水利傳導係數之表徵單元體積(REV)進行探討。本文利用FracMan軟體作為生成離散裂隙網絡(DFN)之工具以模擬岩體裂隙。裂隙程度部分，本文設計一系列之參數研究，包括：傾角、傾向、費雪常數、岩體模型尺寸與形狀、取樣尺寸、裂隙直徑與岩體裂隙程度進行探討，量化各參數對於量測P32變異係數之影響，提出一計算量測P32之變異係數的方程式，其方程式以取樣體積、裂隙直徑及P32表示，並引入可接受之變異係數，即可計算岩體之幾何表徵單元體積。此外本文也利用數個現地案例進行探討並驗證此一方程式之正確性與應用性。
水利傳導係數部分，本文利用FracMan中兩個不同計算水利傳導係數之模式(Conventional Oda與Oda gold)設計一系列之參數研究，Conventional Oda部分包括：取樣尺寸、裂隙直徑、岩體裂隙程度、導水係數與破裂面開口寬進行探討；而Oda gold部分僅針對岩體裂隙程度進行探討。最後本文利用蒙地卡羅模擬以決定水利傳導係數之表徵單元體積。

This study presents the representative elementary volume (REV) of P32 (fracture intensity) and hydraulic conductivity of fractured rock mass. Discrete fracture network (DFN) generated by FracMan is adopted to create rock mass models. A series of parametric studies including dip angle, dip direction, Fisher constant κ, size of rock mass model, shape of rock mass model, specimen volume, fracture diameter, and P32 were investigated to study the REV of P32. Based on the results of the parametric studies, a novel equation to quantify the COV (Coefficient of variance) of P32 in terms of specimen volume, fracture diameter and P32 was established. A precise REV size can be obtained easily by assigning the acceptable COV. Thereafter, some case studies were used to verify the proposed novel equation.
Conventional Oda and Oda gold were adopted to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the fractured rock mass. By using Oda conventional, a series of parametric studies including specimen volume, fracture diameter, P32, transmissivity, and aperture were investigated to study the REV of hydraulic conductivity. Subsequently, that REV of hydraulic conductivity was compared with the REV of P32. In the other hand, by using Oda gold, only P32 was chosen as parametric study. Eventually, a proposed new method was conducted by examining the Monte Carlo simulation for REV of hydraulic conductivity determination.

Chinese Abstract    i
Abstract    ii
Acknowledgements    iii
Table of Content    iv
List of Figures    viii
List of Tables    xi
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION    1
1    Research Background    1
2    Research Objective    2
3    Research Limitation    3
4    Research Organization    3
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW    5
1    Representative Elementary Volume (REV)    5
2    Discrete Fracture Network    7
2.1    Fracture shape and size    8
2.2    Fracture planarity    9
2.3    Fracture location    9
2.4    Fracture orientation    9
3    Hydraulic theories    11
3.1    Darcy’s law    11
3.2    Cubic law    12
3.3    Oda’s permeability    13
4    Fracture intensity    16
5    Intensity measurement in 3-D    19
5.1    Area sampling    19
5.2    Line sampling    20
6    Statistical theories    21
6.1    Basic definitions    21
6.2    Coefficient of variance    21
6.3    Central limit theorem    22
6.4    Total sum of square    23
6.5    Monte Carlo simulation    24
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION    25
1    Methodology of numerical simulation    25
2    Generating rock mass model    27
3    REV of P32    28
3.1    Parametric studies    28
3.2    Sampling method    29
4    REV of hydraulic conductivity    30
4.1    Parametric studies    30
4.2    Sampling method    31
CHAPTER 4 THE RESULTS OF NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS FOR REV OF P32    32
1    The results of parametric studies    32
1.1    Parametric study of the size and the shape of rock mass model    32
1.2    Parametric study of Dip, dip direction and Fisher constant κ    33
1.3    Parametric study of specimen volume    36
1.4    Parametric study of fracture intensity    37
1.5    Parametric study of fracture diameter    38
2    Determining equation of COV of P32    39
CHAPTER 5 THE APPLICATION AND THE VALIDATION OF PROPOSED EQUATION    43
1    Application of proposed equation    43
2    Validation of proposed equation    48
2.1    Comparison with the study from Esmaieli et al. (2010)    48
2.2    Discussions of the Comparison with the study from Esmaieli et al. (2010)    49
2.3    Comparison with the study from Grenon (2011)    51
2.4    Discussion of the Comparison with the study from Grenon (2011)    55
CHAPTER 6 THE RESULT OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR REV OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY    57
1    Numerical simulation results of parametric studies for conventional Oda approach    57
1.1    Parametric study of fracture intensity    57
1.2    Parametric study of specimen volume    59
1.3    Parametric study of fracture diameter    62
1.4    Aperture as parametric study    63
1.5    Parametric study of transmissivity    66
2    Discussion about the comparison of the results from COV of P32 and hydraulic conductivity    68
3    Examining Monte Carlo simulation for COV of hydraulic conductivity by conventional Oda    70
4    Discussion about the result of examining Monte Carlo simulation for COV of hydraulic conductivity by conventional Oda    79
5    Numerical simulation results of parametric studies for Oda Gold approach    80
2.1    Parametric study of fracture intensity    80
6    Examining Monte Carlo simulation for REV of hydraulic conductivity by Oda Gold    82
7    Discussion about the result of examining Monte Carlo simulation for REV of hydraulic conductivity by Oda Gold    85
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS    86
1    Conclusions    86
2    Recommendations    88
REFERENCES    89
APPENDIX I    93

                                

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