苦楝油對於水性PU膨潤效應的性質研究｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	李典倫 Dian-Lun LEE
論文名稱：	苦楝油對於水性PU膨潤效應的性質研究 The character research of the PU dispersion swollen by the Neem oil
指導教授：	陳登科 Teng-Ko Chen
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 化學工程與材料工程學系 Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
畢業學年度：	94
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	105
中文關鍵詞：	粒徑、苦楝油、黏度
外文關鍵詞：	Neem oil, IR, PU, DSC
相關次數：	點閱：16 下載：0
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

摘要
苦楝油主要由印度楝提煉，研究上發現具有防治真菌性病害和蟲害的效果，同時因為是植物性殺蟲劑便於就地取材、加工、製造方法簡便及成本又低廉，所以在農業上被廣泛應用。
由於苦楝油影響防蟲效果甚劇，不過往往受到自然界的影響，需要每隔一段時間就噴灑一次，這樣不僅浪費而且麻煩，所以使苦楝油能緩慢的釋放就成為重點所在。
實驗中發現苦楝油能夠被PU的軟段所吸引，具有良好的溶解度。所以嘗試將苦楝油加入我們所合成的PU中，以溶劑使用量較少的水性PU方式合成，選用可分解的聚酯類軟段，再加上苦楝油本身會被自然界所分解，嘗試合成出一可做為農業上用途的環保材料。
本論文選定以不同種類的聚酯類軟段所合成的陰離子型水性PU，藉由添加苦楝油量的不同，針對粒徑大小、黏度變化、添加後對於PU的本性、機械性質的影響及PU中苦楝油因溫度或真空度的影響做一系列探討。

Abstract
The Neem oil mainly by the refinement of Azadirachta indica, in the research discovered has the effect of preventing and controlling fungus disease and the insect pest. This vegetative pesticide is convenient for making in the place of production, by the simple process of the manufacturing method and the inexpensive cost. It is widely applied in the agriculture.
The Neem oil often receives the influence of nature, therefore needs each period of time to spurt. It is the key point that Neem oil can slow release.
In the experiment discovered Neem oil can attract by the PU soft segment, in which has the good solubility. Therefore we want to synthesize the polyurethane in which added the Neem oil, by the less solvent amount of water-boned polyurethane synthesis. Selecting diffrangible polyester as soft segment, the Neem oil itself decomposable by the nature, this green material may be useful for the application of the farm industry.
This study uses three kind of polyester as PU soft segment to synthesize anion PU dispersion, in which difference amount Neem oil is. Studying the influence to the PU dispersion in the particle size change, the viscosity change, the mechanical property and temperature or vacuum, makes a series of discussions.

摘要
目錄-----------------------------------------Ⅰ
圖目錄---------------------------------------Ⅵ
表目錄---------------------------------------Ⅸ
第一章、序論----------------------------------1
1-1 前言--------------------------------------1
1-2 研究與動機--------------------------------1
第二章、文獻回顧------------------------------3
2-1 水性PU的介紹------------------------------3
2-1-1 PU的結構------------------------------3
2-1-2 水性PU的分類--------------------------4
2-1-3 親水基的導入--------------------------4
2-1-3-1 陰離子型--------------------------4
2-1-3-2 陽離子型--------------------------5
2-1-3-3 非離子型--------------------------6
2-1-3-4 陰陽離子共存型--------------------6
2-1-4 PU離子體（PU ionomers）---------------6
2-1-5 PU水性化的製程------------------------7
2-1-5-1 Solution process----------------------7
2-1-5-2 Prepolymer mixing process-------------7
2-1-5-3 Hot melt process----------------------9
2-1-5-4 Ketimine（and Ketazine）process-------9
2-2 水性PU的物理性質--------------------------11
2-2-1 PU分散液的水分散機制--------------------11
2-2-2 膠體粒子理論----------------------------12
2-2-2-1 膠體的穩定性--------------------------12
2-2-2-2 電雙層--------------------------------13
2-2-3 水性PU的成膜性質------------------------16
2-2-4 水性PU rheology-------------------------17
2-2-4-1 黏度的定義----------------------------17
2-2-4-2 流體的分類----------------------------18
2-2-4-3 水性PU rheology-----------------------18
2-2-5 水性PU的熱性質--------------------------19
2-2-5-1 相轉變（phase transition）------------19
2-2-5-2 玻璃化轉變(glass transition)----------20
2-2-5-3 玻璃態(glass state)-------------------21
2-2-5-4 高彈態(rubbery state)-----------------22
2-2-5-5 黏流態(viscous state)-----------------22
2-2-5-6 黏流溫度(viscous flow temperature)----22
2-2-5-7 熔點(melt point)Ｔm-------------------23
2-3 苦楝油的介紹------------------------------24
2-3-1 印楝的發展------------------------------24
2-3-2 印楝的使用------------------------------27
2-3-3 印楝影響害蟲的效應----------------------28
第三章、實驗部分------------------------------31
3-1 化學藥品----------------------------------31
3-2 儀器設備----------------------------------32
3-3 實驗步驟----------------------------------32
3-3-1 反應物----------------------------------33
3-3-2 純陰離子型水性PU的合成步驟--------------33
3-3-3 陰離子型水性PU添加苦楝油之製備----------34
3-3-4 NCO官能基濃度滴定(ASTM-D1368)-----------36
3-3-5 羥基含量滴定----------------------------36
3-3-6 成膜方式--------------------------------36
3-4分析方法-----------------------------------38
3-4-1 FTIR------------------------------------38
3-4-2 分散粒徑--------------------------------38
3-4-3 黏度的量測------------------------------39
3-4-4 DSC-------------------------------------39
3-4-5 拉伸機械性質----------------------------39
第四章、結果與討論----------------------------40
4-1討論的範圍---------------------------------40
4-1-1 軟段種類--------------------------------40
4-1-2 苦楝油的含量----------------------------40
4-1-3 溫度、真空度的影響----------------------40
4-2 粒徑的量測--------------------------------41
4-2-1 軟段種類的影響--------------------------41
4-2-2 苦楝油含量的影響------------------------42
4-3 黏度的量測--------------------------------43
4-4 IR分析------------------------------------44
4-5 熱分析------------------------------------47
4-6 機械性質----------------------------------49
4-6 揮發測試----------------------------------49
第五章、結論----------------------------------51
參考文獻--------------------------------------88

                                

文獻參考
1.Dieterich D. , Keberle W. and Witt H. , Angew Chem. Int. Edn. , 1970 , 9 , 40
2.D.J.Hourston , G.Williams , R.Satguru , J.D.Padget , and D. Pears , J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 1997 , 66 , 2035~2042
3.B.K.Kim and J.C.Lee , J.Polym.Sci A: Polym. Chemistry , 1996 , 34 , 1095~1104
4.X.Wei and X.Yu , J. Appl. Polym. Sci Part B:Polym. Phys. , 1997 , 35 , 225~232
5.R.D.Lundberg , "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology" , 3rd ed. , 1984 , Supplement Volume , 546
6.R.A.Register , X-hai Yu and S.L.Cooper , Polym. Bull ,1989 , 22 , 565
7.G.C.Marx , D.F.Caulfield and S.L.Cooper , Macromolecules , 1973 , 6 , 344
8.C.G.Bazuin and A. Eisenberg , Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. , 1981 , 20 , 271
9.A.Eisenberg , B.Hard and R.B.More , Macromolecules , 1990 , 23 , 4098
10.C.Z.Yang , T.G.Grasel , J.L.Bell , R.A.Register and S.L.Cooper , J. Polym.Sci.:Polym.Phys. , 1991 , 29 , 581
11.S.A.Chen and W.C.Chan , J.Polym.Sci B: Polym. physics , 1990 , 28 ,1499~1514
12.S.A.Chen and J.S.Hsu , Polymer , 1993 , 34 , 2769
13.R.Satgurau , J.McMahon , J.C.Padget and R.C.Coogan , Aqueous polyurethanes for surface coatings , Presented at the Congress of the Federation of Scandinavian Paint & Varnish Technologists , Copenhagen , 1993
14.R.Buscall , J.W.Goodwin , M.W.Hawkins and R.H.Ottewill , J. Chem. Soc. ,1982 , 78 , 2873~2899
15.J.Mewis , W.J.Frith , T.A.Strivens and W.B.Russel , AIChE J.35 , 1989 , 415~422
16.T.K.Kim and B.K.Kim , Colloid Polym. Sci. , 1991 , 269 , 885~894
17.Y.M.Lee , J.C.Kim , and B.K.Kim , Polymer , 1994 , 35 , 10
18.S.Y.Lee , J.S. Lee , and B.K.Kim , Polymer International , 1997, 42 ,67~76
19.Sung , C.S.P. , Smith , T.W. & Sung , N.H. , Macromolecules ,1980 , 13 , 117
20.C.B.Wang , & S.L.Cooper , Macromolecules , 1983 , 16 , 775
21.Abouzahr , S. & Wilkes , and G.L. , J. Appl. Polym. Polym. Sci. , 1984 , 29 , 1695
22.S.H.Son , H.J.Lee , J.H.Kim , Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem.Eng.Aspects , 1998 , 133 , 295~301
23.B.K.Kim and T.K.Kim , J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 1991 , 43 , 393~398
24.J.W.Rosthaus and K.Nachtkamp , Advances in Urethane Science and Technology , 1987 , 10 ,121
25.G.Oertel , Polyurethane Handbook , Hanser , N.Y. , 1985
26.S.L.Hsu , H.X.Xiao , H.H.Szmant , and K.C.Frisch , J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 1984 , 29 , 2467
27.Y.M.Lee , J.C.Lee and B.K.Kim , Polymer , 1994 , 35 , 1095
28.Srichatrapimuk V.O.W. and S.L.Cooper , J. Macromol. Sci-Phys. , 1974 , 9 , 447
29.G.A.Senich and W. J.MacNight , Macromolecules , 1980 , 13 , 106
30.D. Dieterich , Prog. Org. Coatings , 1981 , 9 , 281
31.Hepburn , C. , " Polyurethane Elastomer " , Elsevier Applied Science , Condon , 1991
32.F.M.B. Coutinho and M.C.Delpech , Polymer testing , 1996 , 15 , 103~113
33.W.C.Chan and S.A.Chen , Polymer, 1988 , 29 , 1995
34.R.J.Hunter , Rose G , Colloid and Polymer Science , 1981 , 259 , 587
35.Calbo , L.J. , Proceeding of the 13th Annual Water-Borne and Higher solids Coatings Symposium , 1986 , p.356
36.Yun Chen and Yueh-Liang Chen , J. Applied Polymer Science , 1992 ,46 , 435~443
37.T.L.Smith , Polym.Eng.Sci. , 1977 , 21 , 3323
38.T.L.Smith , J.Polym.Sci. , Polym.Phys-Ed , 1974 , 12 , 1825
39.W.B.Russel , D.A.Saville and W.R.Schowalter , Colloidal Dispersions , Cambridge University , Cambridge , 1989
40.鄭詔仁，水性PU之流變性質研究，國立中央大學
41.陳健忠，印楝素是來自大自然的殺蟲劑，豐年46卷第24期,1996
42.陳運造，殺蟲植物的耀眼新星，苗栗區農業專訊第19期，2002

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文