以快速廣播法建構熱門視訊隨選服務伺服器｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	張智偉 Chih-Wei Chang
論文名稱：	以快速廣播法建構熱門視訊隨選服務伺服器 A Hot Video on Demand Server Based on Fast Broadcast
指導教授：	曾黎明 Li-Ming Tseng
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 資訊工程學系 Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering
畢業學年度：	88
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	61
中文關鍵詞：	多媒體計算、頻寬排程、熱門影片服務、頻寬配置、隨選視訊
外文關鍵詞：	multimedia computing, bandwidth scheduling, popular video service, bandwidth allocation, video-on-demand
相關次數：	點閱：15 下載：0
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為能提供近乎隨選視訊的服務，以多個頻道來廣播一個熱門影片可以縮短觀眾所需等待的時間。以一個120分鐘的影片為例，使用傳統的廣播方式，以4個頻道反覆的播放這個影片，則觀眾所需等待的時間可以縮短到30分鐘以內。假如用戶端的接收機能將多個頻道中播放的影片資料暫存起來。以相同的頻寬，快速廣播的方式比傳統的廣播方式更能縮短觀眾所需等待的時間。等待時間平均為4分鐘，即使最長等待時間也只需8分鐘。但是快速廣播在實作上也有很多問題，如影片必須切割成多個區段，多個廣播頻道的同步問題，用戶端接收各個影片區段時可能發生的延遲問題。本篇論文旨在以快速廣播法實作在區域網路提供熱門視訊服務的服務端，與其中實作所發生的問題。

Using multiplae channels to broadcast a hot video can reduce the viewer''s waiting time to approach video-on-demand service. For a 120-minutes movie, conventional broadcasting schemes can support the movie every 30 minutes with 4 video channels. Suppose the set-top box at client end can buffer porions of the playing video on disk. For a given bandwidth, fast broadcasting schemes can provide users with shorter waiting time as compared with conventional broadcasting schemes. The average waiting time is 4 minutes even the longest waiting time is 8minutes. However fast broadcast has many problems in implementing, such as the movie must be divided into many segments, the synchronous problem of multiple video channels and the delay problem of receiving each segment in the client. In this paper, we present a hot video-on-demand server based on fast broadcast schemes and solve the problems in implementing the system.

總 目 錄
第一章 緒論1
1.1 研究背景與動機1
1.2 研究目標2
1.3 論文架構3
第二章 背景與相關研究4
2.1 RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) 4
2.2 RTPtools的介紹10
2.2.1 Rtptools的描述10
2.2.2 Rtptools使用方法10
2.2.2.1 rtpplay11
2.2.2.2 rtpdump 11
2.3 RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) 12
2.3.1 RTSP相關的名詞定義13
2.3.2 RTSP和HTTP/1.1的比較14
2.3.3 RTSP URL15
2.4 隨選視訊服務系統15
2.4.1 Real system16
2.4.2 Microsoft Media Server (MMS) 19
2.4.3 IP/TV20
2.4.4 MBone VOD23
2.5 節省頻寬的演算法部分25
2.5.1 Unicast Batch scheme25
2.5.2 Delayed batching brodcasting(multicasting) 26
2.5.3 Asynchronous multicasting27
2.5.4 segmentized broadcasting(multicast) 27
2.5.4.1 快速廣播法（Fast broadcast）28
2.5.4.2 和諧廣播法（Harmonic broadcast）29
第三章 設計考量32
3.1選擇網路傳輸資料的格式32
3.2選擇傳輸媒體的格式32
3.3選擇網路傳播方式33
3.3.1點對點傳送方法33
3.3.2廣播與群播傳送方法33
3.4演算法的選擇34
3.4.1彈性的快速廣播法（Scalable Fast Broadcast）34
3.4.1.1使用期間無新的人加入35
3.4.1.2使用期間有新的人加入36
3.4.1.3使用期間無新的人加入，但之後又有人使用37
3.4.1.4彈性快速廣播法的優缺點38
3.5實作考量39
3.6系統控制情況考量39
3.6.1 stateless39
3.6.2 stateful40
第四章 系統架構與系統實作41
4.1 熱門隨選視訊服務系統概觀41
4.2 系統模組介紹42
4.2.1 遠端視訊伺服器42
4.2.2 區域端視訊伺服器42
4.2.3 使用者端42
4.3 系統結構42
4.3.1系統元件44
4.3.2系統流程45
4.4 系統實作48
4.4.1 視訊伺服器48
4.4.2 使用者端48
第五章 效能評估52
5.1 測試環境52
5.1.1 使用設備52
5.1.2 網路環境53
5.1.3 影片選擇53
5.2 測試結果53
第六章 結論與未來工作57
6.1 結論57
6.2未來工作57
參考文獻59
圖 表 目 錄
Figure 2.1 RTP packet format5
Figure 2.2 SR packet format7
Figure 2.3 RR packet8
Figure 2.4 SDES9
Figure 2.5 BYE packet9
Figure 2.6 APP packet10
Figure 2.7 Architecture of Real System17
Figure 2.8 TCP control of Real System18
Figure 2.9 Real System multicast18
Figure 2.10 MMS19
Figure 2.11 Architecture of IP/TV22
Figure 2.12 A flow chart of IP/TV22
Figure 2.13 MBone VOD24
Figure 2.14 the problem of these systems25
Figure 2.15 delay batching broadcasting26
Figure 2.16 fast broadcasting29
Figure 2.17 harmonic broadcasting30
Figure 2.18 Viewers'' waiting time vs. bandwidth requirements31
Figure 3.1 Scalable Fast Broadcast35
Figure 3.2 case 136
Figure 3.3 case 237
Figure 3.4 case 338
Figure 4.1 system architecture of Hot VOD41
Figure 4.2 system architecture 143
Figure 4.3 system architecture 247
Figure 4.4 system flow chart47
Figure 4.5 Hot VOD Client 149
Figure 4.6 Hot VOD Client 250
Figure 4.7 Player51
Figure 5.1 bandwidth evaluation in 1 hot video54
Figure 5.2 bandwidth evaluation in 3 hot video --- 154
Figure 5.3 bandwidth evaluation in 3 hot video --- 255
Figure 5.4 bandwidth evaluation in 3 hot video --- 355
Figure 5.5 evaluation of Batch scheme v.s. Our system56
Table 2.1 rtptool shell script12
Table 3.1 list of curr

                                

[1] H. Eriksson, "MBone：The Multicast backbone, "Communications ACM, vol. 37, August. 1997.
MBone Tools, http://www-mice.cs.ucl.ac.uk/multimedia/software/
[2] L.S. Juhn and L.M. Tseng, "Fast data broadcasting and receiving scheme for popular video services," IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting," vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 100-105, Mar 1998.
[3] RTP：H. Schulzrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick and V. Jacobson, "RTP：a transport protocol for real-time applications", RFC1889, Internet Engineering Task Force, January 1996 .
[4] RTPTools, ftp://ftp.cs.columbia.edu/pub/schulzrinne/rtptools
[5] RTSP：H. Schulzrinne, A. Rao and R. Lanphier, "Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)", RFC2326,April 1998.
[6] HTTP/1.1： R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk and T. Berners-Lee, " Hypretext Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.1", RFC2068, Internet Engineering Task Force, January 1997.
[7] Real Network System：Progressive Network Corp. http://www.real.com/
[8] Microsoft Media Server：Microsoft Corp. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/
[9] IP/TV：Csico Corp. http://www.webcast.com.tw/iptv/, 1998.
[10] W. Holfelder, "Interactive Remote Recording and Playback of Multicast Videoconference, IDMS''97
[11] C.C. Aaggarwal, J.L. Wolf, and P.S. Yu, "On optimal batching policies for video-on-demand storage servers, "IEE Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, pp. 253-258, Jun 1996.
[12] H. Shachnai and P. S. Yu, "The role of wait tolerance in effective batching: A paradigm for multimedia scheduling schemes, "Technical Report RC 20038, IBM Research Division, T.J. Watson Research Center, April 1995.
[13] S.W. Carter and D.D.E Long, "Improving bandwidth efficiency of video-on-demand servers, "Computer Networks 31, pp.111-123, 1999.
[14] W. W.-F. POON and K. T. LO, "Design of multicast delivery for providing VCR functionality in interactive video-on-demand systems," IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 141-148, March 1999.
[15] S. Viswanathan, T. Imielinski, "Metropolitan area video-on-demand service using pyramid broadcasting, "Multimedia Systems 4(4), pp. 197-208, August 1996.
[16] K.A. Hua, S. Sheu, "Skyscraper broadcasting: a new broadcasting scheme for metropolitan video-on-demand systems, in: "Proc. SIGCOMM 97, Cannes, France, ACM, pp. 89-100, September 1997.
[17] L.S. Juhn and L.M. Tseng, "Staircase data broadcasting and receiving scheme for hot video service," IEEE Transaction on Consumer Electronics, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1110-1117, Nov 1997.
[18] L.S. Juhn and L.M. Tseng, "Harmonic broadcasting for video-on-demand service," IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 268-271, Sep 1997.
[19] Y. Lee, "An RTSP Proxy Server Supporting Audio Media", Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Thesis for Master of Science Taiwan, R.O.C., June 1998.

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