當軌道與橋梁互制作用影響時，鋼軌扣件系統必須有效束制鋼軌移動，若扣件系統中有組件破損，則會大幅增加鐵路上的養護成本。本研究主要探討現地三種不同路段之行為模式，分別為平直段、陡坡段與曲線段，路段中有鋼軌墊片與基鈑墊片大量破損問題，故此研究旨在發展一套能快速而精確模擬軌橋互制行為的數值分析模型，且根據鋼軌扣件組行為以LS-Dyna進行詳細3D接觸動力行為的模擬分析結果，以有限元素軟體SAP2000使用剛架與彈簧元素建立精確分析之等效簡化扣件組模型，依據欲分析之不同路段行為提出相應簡化程度之模型，應用於現地橋梁與軌道系統當中，探討長區段軌橋系統在溫度荷載、列車荷載、扣件組螺栓鎖固力等等外力載重產生之行為變化，並與現地檢監測數據做比對驗證，確保模型正確性，然而找出墊片破壞的可能原因與範圍並研擬可行之改善方法，將來可作為大尺度軌道橋梁數值模擬分析的參考依據，具經濟性及效益性。

The rail fastening system must effectively fix the rails due to the track- bridge interaction. If any component in the rail fastening system is damaged, it will greatly increase the maintenance cost of the railway. This research mainly discusses the behavior patterns of three different spans, namely straight span, steep slope span and curved span. There are a large number of damage to rail pads and intermediate pads in the spans. Therefore, the research progresses to develop a set of numerical analysis models that can quickly and accurately simulate the behavior of track-bridge interaction. Based on the behavior results of the rail fastening system that use LS-Dyna to perform detailed 3D contact dynamic behavior simulation analysis. From the results, use the finite element software SAP2000 establish an equivalent simplified fastener model for accurate analysis by rigid frame and spring elements , propose corresponding simplified model based on the behavior of different segments to be analyzed. Replace it on field track-bridge system and discuss the behavioral changes of the rail bridge system under external load such as temperature change , train moving load, fastener bolt locking force, and so on. In addition, finite element analysis was conducted and the results were compared with the measured track-bridge interaction response. Find out the possible cause and the influence area of pad damage then develop feasible improvement methods. In the future, it can be used as a reference basis for numerical simulation analysis of large-scale rail bridges, which is economical and beneficial.

[1] 國立中央大學橋梁與軌道工程研究中心，臺灣桃園國際機場聯外捷運系統建設計畫「軌道及橋梁監測作業」委託技術服務案第一季監測季報告(2017)，交通部高速鐵路工程局。
[2] 陳恩加，「鋼軌扣件組破壞模擬分析」，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學，台北(2019)。
[3] 黃民仁，張欽亮，新世紀鐵路工程學基礎篇，文笙書局，臺北(2013)。
[4] 黃民仁，新世紀鐵路工程學，文笙書局，臺北(2005)。
[5] 交通部，1067公厘軌距軌道橋隧檢查養護規範，臺北(2014)。
[6] Union Internationale des Chemins de fer. UIC Code 774–3R. Track/bridge interaction. Recommendations for calculations. Paris: International Union of Railways(2001).
[7] DIN. DIN-fachbericht 101. Einwirkungen auf Brücken. Berlin(2003).
[8] Chinese national standards. TB10015-2012. Code for design of railway continuous welded rail. Beijing(2012).
[9] Luo, Jun., Zeng, Zhiping., “A novel algorithm for longitudinal track-bridge interactions considering loading history and using a verified mechanical model of fasteners”, Engineering Structures, Vol 183, pp.52-68(2019).
[10] Ramosa, Ó.R., Schanackb, F., Ortega Carrerasc, G., Vena Retuertoc de , J., “Bridge length limits due to track-structure interaction in continuous girder prestressed concrete bridges”, Engineering Structures, Vol 196(2019).
[11] Yun, Kyung-Min., Bae, Hyun-Ung., Jiho Moon, Kim, Jung-Joong., Park, Jong-Chan., Lim, Nam-Hyoung., “Quantification of ballasted track-bridge interaction behavior due to the temperature variation through field measurements”, NDT and E International, Vol 103, pp.84–97(2019).
[12] Sung, Deokyong.,and Chang, Seongkyu., “Nonlinear behavior of rail fastening system on slab track at railway bridge ends: FEA and experimental study”, Engineering Structures, Vol 195, pp.84–95(2019).
[13] Zhang, J., Wu, D.J., Li, Q., “Loading-history-based track–bridge interaction analysis with experimental fastener resistance”, Engineering Structures ,Vol 83, pp.62–73(2015).
[14] 宋照清，「多跨簡支梁橋上無縫線路縱向力研究」，碩士論文，北京交通大學，中國(2011)。
[15] Ruge, P., and Birk, C., “Longitudinal forces in continuously welded rails on bridgedecks due to nonlinear track–bridge interaction”, Computers and Structures, Vol.85, pp.458-475(2007).
[16] Xu, Qing-yuan., Zhou, Xiao-lin., Zeng, Zhi-ping., and Yang, Xiao-li., “Mechanics model of additional longitudinal force transmission between bridges and continuously welded rails with small resistance fasteners” Journal of Central South University of Technology,Vol. 11, pp.336–339(2004).
[17] 王維銘，「螺栓/螺絲/螺帽扣件之旋緊鎖固」，螺絲世界雙月刊，第98-102頁(2020)。
[18] 許維倫，陳則銘，許書銘，「鐵路橋橋軌互制案例分析及規範探討」，中興工程，第118期，第49-55頁(2013)。
[19] Xu, Lei., and Zhai, Wanming., “A three-dimensional model for train-track-bridge dynamic interactions with hypothesis of wheel-rail rigid contact”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing , Vol. 132, pp.471-489(2019).
[20] Rakesh Kumar, and Akhil Upadhyay, “Effect of temperature gradient on track-bridge interaction”, Interaction and Multiscale Mechanics, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.1-12(2012).
[21] Kjell, G., and Johnson, E., “Measuring axial forces in rail by forced vibrations:experiences from a full-scale laboratory experiment” SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden, Vol. 223, pp.241-254(2009).
[22] Fedorova, M., and Sivaselvan, M.V., “An algorithm for dynamic vehicle-track-structure interaction analysis for high-speed trains”, Eng. Struct. Vol. 148, pp.857–877(2017).
[23] Lou, P., Yu, Z.W., Au, F.T.K., “Rail-bridge coupling element of unequal lengths for analysing train-track-bridge interaction systems”, Appl. Math. Model. 36, pp.1395–1414(2012).
[24] Rajamani, R., “Long welded rails on girder bridges”, P-Way Bulletin(1987).
[25] Ferdinand P.Beer, E.Russeell Johnston.Jr, David F.Mazurek, “Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics”,Eleventh Edition in SI Units, pp. 430-451(2016).
[26] LI, Q.T., LUO,Y., LIU, Y., “ Estimating clamping force of rail fastener system by experimental and numerical methods ”, Institute of Rail Transit, Tongji University, No. 4800 Cao’an Road, Shanghai, China(2018).
[27] Kaewunruen, S., Remennikov, AM. “Field trials for dynamic characteristics of railway track and its components using impact excitation technique”, NDT E International, Vol. 40, Issue 7, pp. 510-519(2007).
[28] Gallagher, GP., Leiper, Q., Williamson, R., Clark, MR., Forde, MC. “The application of time domain ground penetrating radar to evaluate railway track ballast”, NDT E International, Vol. 32, Issue 8, pp. 463-468(1999).
[29] RYJAČEK, P., VOKAČ, M. “Long-term monitoring of steel railway bridge interaction with continuous welded rail”, J Constr Steel Res, Vol. 99, pp. 176-186(2014).
[30] Strauss, A., Karimi, S., Kopf, F., Capraru, C., Bergmeister, K. “Monitoring‐based performance assessment of rail‐bridge interaction based on structural reliability”, Structural Concrete , Vol. 16, Issue 3, pp. 342-355(2015).
[31] Papp, H., Liegner, N., “Investigation of internal forces in the rail due to the interaction of CWR tracks and steel railway bridges with ballasted track superstructure”, Pollack Period , Vol. 11, Issue 2, pp. 65–74(2016).
[32] 尚紅霞，「地鐵扣件系統靜動力分析研究」，碩士論文，西南交通大學，中國(2011).
[33] 孫大新，高亮，劉衍峰，「橋上無碴軌道無縫道岔力學特性分析」，北京交通大學學報，第31卷第1期，第89-92頁(2007)。
[34] 張文城，蘇宗寶，彭仁忠，「桃園機場聯外捷運軌道系統工程施工探討」，中華技術，第94期，第56-75頁(2012)。
[35] 楊漢生，張正欣，「鐵路橋梁與無道碴軌道設計」，中華技術，第72期(2006)。
[36] 楊漢生、張正欣，「長銲鋼軌與鐵路橋梁」，中華技術，第64期(2004)。
[37] 陳韋凱，「嵌埋式軌道跨橋段有限元素分析」，碩士論文，國立成功大學，台南(2015)。
[38] 韓宗豪，「軌溫之無限監測與預測模型」，碩士論文，國立成功大學，台南(2015)。
[39] 施柔依，「向量式有限元運用於車軌橋互制數值模擬分析」，碩士論文，國立中央大學，桃園(2010)。
[40] 邱宇彰，張正欣，歐文爵，「彈性 PC 軌枕防振直結軌道與橋上長軌設計案例」，中華技術，第67期(2005)。