DRAM中的被動式電壓對比｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	王嘉鴻 Chia-Hung Wang
論文名稱：	DRAM中的被動式電壓對比 Passive Voltage Contrast in DRAM
指導教授：	劉正毓 Cheng-Yi Liu 高振宏 Robert-C. Kao
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 化學工程與材料工程學系 Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	90
中文關鍵詞：	記憶體、電壓對比
外文關鍵詞：	Voltage Contrast, DRAM
相關次數：	點閱：13 下載：0
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被動式電壓對比在半導體電路裡面為一種有效率及成功率高的檢測技術。可以運用在對於不同種類的電路缺陷，如開路所造成的不正常高電阻，短路所造成的漏電流。
在電壓對比技術中，掃描式電子顯微鏡與聚焦離子束系統為主要運用儀器。由於電壓對比產生原理中，兩系統對於試片所造成的效果類似，可以在此論文中假設為相近的作用源。本文中，對於電壓對比的原理有粗略的提及。
而實驗中所觀察的試片為華亞科技公司生產的 110nm製程 DRAM晶片。在對晶片的電壓對比觀察實驗中，選擇金屬線與金屬線中連結層為主要觀察部位。
文中對於各接觸層的電壓對比圖像，利用不同加速電壓所造成的顯示成果作討論。對於電子束與離子束所造成的差異，也有整理。

Passive voltage contrast was very successfully implemented in DRAM to identify the location different mechanisms of circuit failure, such as
failing continuity, high resistance, current leakage, and functionality.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) systems are routinely utilized for passive voltage contrast. The both SEM
and FIB system assume a general familiarity in this work; in addition,brief explanations of some basic concepts will be mentioned.
In this thesis, a background explanation of the passive voltage contrast (PVC) technique in both the SEM and FIB. 110nm Inotera DRAM chip
was used be observing sample.
Layer-by-layer deprocessing and top-view examinations were used to do the structure inspection at contact level prior to passive voltage contrast imaging. Several passive voltage contrast image examples of contact level are included to outline the technique and results of this study that variant voltage and beam source are discussed.

Contents............................................................Ι
List of Contents.............................................................Ⅳ
List of Figure...............................................................Ⅴ
Chapter 1 Introduction.......................................................1
Chapter 2 the Manufacturing Flow of DRAM.....................................6
1 Isolation Process........................................................7
2 Transistor Process.......................................................9
3 Transistor Process.......................................................11
4 Multi-Level Interconnect Process.........................................17
Chapter 3 PVC in Electron Beam...............................................23
1 Basic Principle..........................................................23
2 Voltage Factor...........................................................26
2.1 Low energy Passive Voltage Contrast....................................26
2.2 High Energy Passive Voltage Contrast...................................27
2.3 Neutral Voltage........................................................27
3 Structure Factor.........................................................30
3.1 Floating Structure.....................................................30
3.2 Grounded Structure.....................................................32
Chapter 4 Voltage Contrast in Ion Beam.......................................33
1 The introduction of FIB..................................................33
2 Focus Ion Beam Principle.................................................35
3 Relationship between the beam energy and charge..........................37
4 Compare PVC by E-beam with I-beam........................................39
Chapter 5 Contact Level PVC..................................................41
1 Poly Contact.............................................................42
2 N+ /P-well Structure.....................................................44
3 P+/N-well Structure......................................................46
Chapter 6 PVC Image Experiment...............................................48
1 Preparation and Steps for Experiment.....................................52
1.1 Steps for observation of Voltage Contrast..............................54
2 PVC in Contact layer.....................................................56
2.1 Comparison between Low kV and High kV..................................60
2.1.1 CS-CG Layer..........................................................60
2.1.2 2nd Contact Layer....................................................61
2.1.3 1st Contact Layer....................................................62
2.2 Cross-Over Voltage.....................................................63
2.2.1 CS-CG Layer..........................................................64
2.2.2 2nd Contact Layer....................................................65
2.2.3 1st Contact Layer....................................................66
2.3 Energy Over High kV....................................................67
2.3.1 CS-CG Layer..........................................................68
2.3.2 2nd Contact Layer....................................................69
2.3.3 1st Contact Layer....................................................70
3 Ion Beam Voltage contrast................................................71
Summary......................................................................72
Reference...................................................................A

                                

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