聚醚醚酮(Polyetheretherketone, PEEK)具生物相容性，為醫療用之新興材料，其彈性模數與人體骨相近，能減少應力遮蔽效應，因此作為植入物上的研究。積層製造較傳統方式生產植入物的優勢為可精準的製作複雜結構、根據患者特異性進行客製化，改善因不匹配所造成的鬆脫，也可以降低成本。一般進行熔融沉積成型列印時，由於溫度的變化迅速，材料擠出與列印平台的垂直角度容易造成應力集中，使其破斷易有方向性，為改善此問題，進行此論文研究。
綜上所述，本研究基於熔融沉積成型技術(Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM)，設計了一組治具進行噴頭傾斜的實驗，探討將擠料與列印平台之間的夾角增大是否能降低應力集中的問題。本研究以田口方法進行列印參數分析，研究不同加工參數及噴頭傾斜角度與彈性模數及強度的關聯性，找出最佳機械性質的參數組合。並運用光學分析以了解試片的破斷面結構與列印參數之間的關係。

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has biocompatibility and it is a new material for medical use. Its elastic modulus is similar to human bone and can reduce the stress shielding effect. Therefore, it is used as a research on implants. The advantage of additive manufacturing over traditional implants is that it can accurately manufacture complex structures, customize them according to patient specificity, improve looseness caused by mismatches, and reduce costs. Generally, during fused deposition molding printing, due to rapid temperature changes, the vertical angle between the material extrusion and the printing platform is likely to cause stress concentration, which makes it easy to break and have directionality. The purpose of this paper is to improve this problem.
In summary, this study is based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), and designed a set of jigs for nozzle inclined printing experiments to explore whether increasing the angle between the extruded material and the printing platform can reduce the stress. In this study, Taguchi method was used to analyze the printing parameters, to study the correlation between different processing parameters and nozzle incline angles, elastic modulus and strength, and to find the best combination of parameters for mechanical properties. And use optical analysis to understand the relationship between the fracture surface structure of the test piece and the printing parameters.

[1] J. W. Brantigan, A. D. Steffee, M. L. Lewis, L. M. Quinn and J. M. Persenaire, "Lumbar interbody fusion using the Brantigan I/F cage for posterior lumbar interbody fusion and the variable pedicle screw placement system: two-year results from a Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption clinical trial", Spine, Vol. 25, pp. 1437-1446, 2000.
[2] J. M. Toth, M. Wang, B. T. Estes, J. L. Scifert, H. B. Seim III and A. S. Turner, "Polyetheretherketone as a biomaterial for spinal applications", Biomaterials, Vol. 27, pp. 324-334, 2006.
[3] P. Scolozzi, A. Martinez and B. Jaques, "Complex orbito-fronto-temporal reconstruction using computer-designed PEEK implant", Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, Vol. 18, pp. 224-228, 2007.
[4] M. M. Kim, K. D. Boahene and P. J. Byrne, "Use of customized polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants in the reconstruction of complex maxillofacial defects", Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, Vol. 11, pp. 53-57, 2009.
[5] B. Valentan, Z. Kadivnik, T. Brajlih, A. Anderson and I. Drstvensek, “Processing poly(Ether Etherketone) on a 3D printer for thermoplastic modeling”, Materials and Technology, Vol. 47, pp715-721, 2013.
[6] C. Yang, X. Tian, D. Li, Y. Cao, F. Zhao and C. Shi, "Influence of thermal processing conditions in 3D printing on the crystallinity and mechanical properties of PEEK material," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 248, pp. 1-7, 2017.
[7] P. J. Rae, E. N. Brown, and E. B. Orler, "The mechanical properties of poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) with emphasis on the large compressive strain response," Polymer, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 598-615, 2007.
[8] P. Wang, B. Zou, H. Xiao, S. Ding, and C. Huang, "Effects of printing parameters of fused deposition modeling on mechanical properties, surface quality, and microstructure of PEEK," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 271, pp. 62-74, 2019.
[9] S. Ding, B. Zou, P. Wang, and H. Ding, "Effects of nozzle temperature and building orientation on mechanical properties and microstructure of PEEK and PEI printed by 3D-FDM," Polymer Testing, vol. 78, 2019.
[10] H. B. Skinner, "Composite technology for total hip arthroplasty", Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, pp. 224-236, 1988.
[11] M. Bottlang, D. C. Fitzpatrick and P. Augat, "Musculoskeletal Biomechanics", Orthopaedic Knowledge Update, pp. 59-72, 2011.
[12] 楊泓璟，「以冷凍成型積層製造及固態水支撐製程製作水性生物可降解型聚胺酯與殼聚醣支架之實驗與分析」，碩士論文，國立中央大學，民國106年。
[13] X. Wang, S. Xu, S. Zhou, W. Xu, M. Leary and P. Choong, "Topological design and additive manufacturing of porous metals for bone scaffolds and orthopaedic implants: a review", Biomaterials, Vol. 83, pp. 127-141, 2016.
[14] 吳柏論，「利用熔融沉積成型技術列印聚醚醚酮模型之機械性質改善與表面改質研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學，民國108年。
[15] 蘇朝墩，產品穩健設計:田口品質工程方法的介紹和應用，第二版，中華民國品質協會，民國88年。
[16] 李輝煌，田口方法品質設計的原理與實務，第四版，高立圖書有限公司，民國100年。
[17] 劉偉均，材料實驗，台北市，華泰書局，民國86年。
[18] T. Schmidt, F. Gärtner, H. Assadi, and H. Kreye, "Development of a generalized parameter window for cold spray deposition," Acta materialia, Vol. 54, pp. 729-742, 2006.
[19] P.E.E.K. Unfilled, Optima Processing Guide: Invibio Biomaterial Solution. , 2016, Available: http://www.invibio.com
[20] Q. Wang and G. S. Springer, "Moisture absorption and fracture toughness of PEEK polymer and graphite fiber reinforced PEEK", Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 23, pp. 434-447, 1989.
[21] E. Boinard, R. Pethrick and C. MacFarlane, "The influence of thermal history on the dynamic mechanical and dielectric studies of polyetheretherketone exposed to water and brine", Polymer, Vol. 41, pp. 1063-1076, 2000.
[22]M. Doumeng, L. Makhlouf, F. Berthet, O. Marsan, K. Delbé, J. Denape, and F. Chabert, “A comparative study of the crystallinity of polyetheretherketone by using density, DSC, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy techniques,” Polymer Testing, vol. 93, pp. 106878, 2021.
[23] K. Frost, D. Kaminski, G. Kirwan, E. Lascaris, and R. Shanks, "Crystallinity and structure of starch using wide angle X-ray scattering," Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 543-548, 2009.