本文以OECD的29個會員國，由1981年至2009年的國家層級資料，以System GMM實證探討公部門與私部門研發投入對於就業人數的影響。研究發現公部門研發投入確實正向影響就業。私部門研發投入如同先前文獻的結果，對於就業為正向影響。

　　公、私部門研發僅在當期對就業呈現正向影響。私部門研發落後期的負向效果，在落後兩年期內仍然顯著影響就業，但隨著落後項的期間拉長而出現收斂的趨勢。然而，公部門研發落後期的負向效果僅影響一年。

　　公部門知識存量對就業的影響，較私部門知識存量對就業的影響大。此結果支持設立公部門研發中心的政策，改善基礎就業環境與整體國家技術水準，避免只補助單一產業。

This paper attempts to quantify the effects of public sector R&D and private sector R&D on employment of 29 OECD member countries over the period from 1981 to 2009. Apply System GMM to estimate the panel of dynamic employment equations. We find that public sector R&D indeed affect employment positively. So does private sector R&D as indicated by the previous literature.

However, public R&D and private R&D positively affect employment in the current period only. The negative effect on employment of lagged private R&D is significant over the last 2 years, but it converges over time. While the negative effect of lagged public R&D only last one period.

As for the employment effect of R&D stock, public sector reveals greater influence than the private sector. This result supports the policy of establishing public R&D centers, rather than granting R&D resources to a single industry, to improve basic employment environment and national technical standards.

 中文部分：
行政院國家科學委員會（2004）。中華民國科學技術白皮書（民國92年至95年）
行政院國家科學委員會（2007）。中華民國科學技術白皮書（民國96年至99年）
行政院國家科學委員會（2010）。中華民國科學技術白皮書（民國100年至103年）
行政院國家科學委員會（1994）。科技統計名詞定義手冊
張朝欽（2008）。政府支援企業研發之政策工具國際比較。科技發展政策報導，20-52。

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