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研究生： 李沛錦
Pei-Chin Lee
論文名稱： 服務水準下具替代效果之耗損性商品的最佳訂量與定價政策
指導教授： 陳振明
Jen-ming Chen
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 管理學院 - 工業管理研究所
Graduate Institute of Industrial Management
畢業學年度： 95
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 50
中文關鍵詞： 服務水準 、替代性 、耗損性商品 、保留價格
外文關鍵詞： Deterioration, Substitution, Service level, Rese
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    • 現今充滿競爭的社會，如何提供一個令顧客滿意的服務，將是企業生存的一項重要課題，不論是提供充足的存量，亦或是提供樣品齊全的商品等，均為提昇企業競爭力的方法。在符合現實的情況下，如何滿足消費者一次購足的慾望訂定適當的訂購量，使存貨不至於太多也不至於太少。
    因此，本研究的目的在探討單期模式下，以零售商的角度對具替代效果之耗損性商品進行「零售價」及「訂購量」制定的決策，達到零售商最大利潤的目標。不同於一般的定價與訂購模型，本研究給定固定服務水準，並探討多品項間的訂購問題、協商定價問題以及耗損率的差異，以更符合實際情況。
    在模式的求解中，以利潤極大化做為零售商的標準考量，並以數值範例及敏感度分析作為輔助，了解在參數變動下，對最佳定價及訂購量的影響程度，以提供決策者有更精準的判斷。

    Customer service is a key element of competitive strategy. Today, competition among the retailers in market to become a leader is intense. In this paper, I not only supply sufficiently but also provide a variety of products to satisfy customer. To fit in real life, retailers should set optimal quantities or else they would increase inventory cost.
    I study a single period multiproduct inventory problem with substitution and deterioration. And develop a probabilistic demand model for items and a methodology for selecting item inventory level and price so as to maximize the retailer’s expected profit, subject to given service level constrains. Finally, numerical studies are conducted to show the strategies about pricing and ordering impact of parameters’ variety.

    論文提要 I Abstract II 目錄 III 圖目錄 V 表目錄 VI 第一章 緒論 1 1.1. 研究背景與動機 1 1.2. 研究目的 2 1.3. 研究限制與架構 3 第二章 文獻回顧 5 2.1. 耗損性商品(Deterioration)之文獻 5 2.1.1. 耗損性商品之分類 5 2.1.2. 耗損商品之存貨模式 6 2.1.3. 耗損性之相關文獻 8 2.2. 替代效果(Demand Substitution)之文獻 12 2.3. 保留價格(Reservation Price)之文獻 13 2.3.1. 保留價格之定義 13 2.3.2. 保留價格之相關文獻 13 2.4. 服務水準(Service Level)之文獻 14 2.5. 定價(Pricing)之文獻 15 2.6. 相關文獻與本研究之比較 18 第三章 模型建構 19 3.1. 問題環境假設 19 3.1.1. 零售商環境 19 3.1.2. 消費者特性 19 3.1.3. 研究問題描述 20 3.2. 參數設定 20 3.3. 保留價格與需求模型 22 3.3.1. 消費者需求模型（不具替代效果下） 22 3.3.2. 消費者需求模型（具有替代效果下） 23 3.3.3. 消費者保留價格與購買率之模型 25 3.4. 零售商總利潤函數 26 第四章 數值分析 28 4.1. 解題方式 28 4.2. 參數設定 28 4.3. 範例求解 30 4.4. 參數敏感度分析 31 4.4.1. 保留價格變異下之分析 31 4.4.2. 產品替代性變異下之分析 34 4.4.3. 耗損率變異下之分析 37 4.4.4. 服務水準變異下之分析 38 4.4.5. 殘值變異下之分析 39 第五章 結論與未來研究方向 41 5.1 結論 41 5.2 未來研究方向 42 參考文獻 43 附錄 48 附錄A 48 附錄B 49 附錄C 50

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