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研究生： 王永富
Yong-fu Wang
論文名稱： H.264即時快速編碼法則之研究
Study of fast algorithm for H.264 encoding
指導教授： 林銀議
Yin-yi Lin
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系
Department of Communication Engineering
畢業學年度： 96
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 82
中文關鍵詞： H.264、多幅參考畫面、可變區塊大小、搜尋範圍、快速、即時、UMH、RDO、區塊決策
外文關鍵詞： RDO, UMH, real-time, fast, search rage, variable block size, multi-reference frame, H.264, mode decision
相關次數： 點閱：8  下載：0 
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    • H.264 比起以往的視訊壓縮標準來說，在相同畫面品質下，H.264 只需要一半左右的位元率即可，即H.264 有著較佳的壓縮率，其原因是H.264運用了許多以往視訊標準沒有使用的技術，大致上有多幅參考畫面(multi-reference frame)、可變區塊大小(variable block size)以及四分之一像素精確度搜尋，雖然這些技術讓H.264 編碼效益(coding efficiency)提升許多，但同時也帶來了龐大的運算複雜度，故H.264 在即時系統應用實現上有著相當大的難度。在本論文中，首先提出了快速區塊模式決策，以及快速多幅參考畫面決策，藉此降低其移動估測時的運算複雜度，加快其編碼時間，並在最後再進一步地去做編碼加速，使其盡可能地達到即時運算，從實驗數據顯示，我們所提出的即時演算法最快可以達到每秒播放六十張畫面左右，大概減少96％左右的複雜度，同時維持畫面品質在一定可接受的失真範圍之內，故此即時演算法在即時系統應用上應該會有著相當不錯的表現。

    Compared to previous video coding standards, H.264/AVC has better coding efficiency with numerous powerful techniques such as multi-reference frame, variable block size,quarter pixel resolution. It can save about 50% bit rate under the same image quality. But these structures also give rise to a heavy loading of the H.264 encoder to be applied in real-time applications. Therefore,we propose some methods to reduce the computational complexity as possible. First, we design a fast decision schemes for mode and multi-eference frames. And then we accelerate the search pattern. Finally, we integrate these ideals into a fast algorithm. According to the experimental results, our proposed
    algorithm can improve the coding speed efficiently. It can roughly reduce 96% of coding time compared to full search in reference software with negligible degradation.

    第一章 緒論 1.1 簡介 1 1.2 動機與目的 2 1.3 論文架構 3 第二章 H.264 簡介及回顧 2.1 畫面間預測法(inter prediction) 2.1.1 移動估測(motion estimation, ME)說明 4 2.1.2 可變區塊大小(variable block size) 7 2.1.3 非整數移動向量(fractional motion vector) 9 2.1.4 多幅參考畫面(multi-reference frame) 10 2.2 畫面內預測(intra prediction) 2.2.1 畫面內預測模式簡介 11 2.2.2 快速畫面內模式預測法[15] 13 2.3 視訊樣本分析 14 第三章 快速區塊模式及多幅參考畫面決策法 3.1 位元失真率曲線(RD curve)探討 16 3.2 基於零區塊(zero block)下的區塊模式討論 3.2.1 零區塊說明 22 3.2.2 基於零區塊下的區塊模式統計分析 25 3.2.3 快速區塊模式決策法流程 27 3.2.4 快速區塊模式決策法效能 29 3.3 快速多幅參考畫面決策法 3.3.1 多幅參考畫面演算法 37 a.選擇性多幅參考畫面(selective multi-reference frame) 38 b.整數點參考畫面(integer reference frame) 39 c.全零區塊(all zero block) 41 d.可適性多幅參考畫面(adaptive multi-reference frame) 41 e.快速多幅參考畫面決策法流程 43 3.3.2 可適性移動向量搜尋範圍及快速多幅參考畫面決策法 效能44 3.4 綜合效能比較 50 3.5 結論 53 第四章 H.264 即時演算法探討 4.1 RDO on/off 探討 54 4.2 UMHexagonS 演算法探討 4.2.1 UMHexagonS 與全搜尋法(Full Search) 效能比較 56 4.2.2 UMHexagonS 演算法說明及回顧 59 4.2.3 UMHexagonS 分析 63 4.3 快速搜尋法及其搜尋樣版探討 4.3.1 搜尋樣版介紹與比較 64 4.3.2 快速提前終止條件及其效能 67 4.3.3 梯度(gradient)搜尋法及其效能 70 4.3.4 快速搜尋法流程 71 4.3.5 快速搜尋法效能比較 72 4.4 即時演算法效能分析 73 4.5 結論 78 第五章 未來展望和結論 79 參考文獻 80

    【1】“Advanced Video Coding for Generic Audiovisual Services” (ITU-T Rec. H.264 | ISO/IEC 144496-10 AVC),” Joint Video Team of ISO/IEC and ITU-T, March 2005.
    【2】“Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information,”ISO/IEC 13818-2: Video (MPEG-2), May 1996.
    【3】“Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 2: Visual,” ISO/IEC 14496-2 (MPEG-4 Visual Version 1), Apr. 1999.
    【4】R. Schäfer, T. Wiegan and H. Schwarz, “The emerging H.264/AVC standard,” EBU Technical Review, January,
    【5】Thomas Wiegand , Gray J.Saullivan , Gisle Bjontegaard , Ajay Luthra:“Overview of the H.264/AVC video Coding Standard,”,IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.13, no.7, pp.560–576, July 2003.
    【6】M.Ravasi , M. Mattavelli , C. Clere. A ,”A Computational Complexity Comparison of MPEG4 and JVT Codecs,” Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG & ITU-T VCEG, Austria, 22-26 July, 2002
    【7】Yun Cheng , Silian Xie , Jianjun Guo , Zhiying Wang , Minlian Xiao3 , ” A Fast Inter Mode Selection Algorithm for H.264,” International Symposium on Pervasive Computing and Applications, 2006.
    【8】Jialue Fan, Yu Chen, Xudong Zhang, ”A Novel Fast Inter Mode Decision for H.264,” ICSP 2006 Proceedings.
    【9】Byung-Gyu Kim, “Novel Inter-Mode Decision Algorithm Based on Macroblock (MB) Tracking for the P-Slice in H.264/AVC Video Coding,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 18, NO. 2, February 2008.
    【10】Liquan Shen, Zhi Liu, Zhaoyang Zhang, Guozhong Wang, “A novel algorithm to fast mode decision with consideration about video texture in H.264,” AICCSA, IEEE/ACS, May 2007.
    【11】FANG Jian, ZHENG Wei, ZHANG Ding, WANG Kuang, “A Mode Correlation-based Fractional Pixel Motion Estimation for H.264 Video Coding,” ASICON, Oct. 2007
    【12】Mei-Juan Chen, Gwo-Long Li, Yi-Yen Chiang, Ching-Ting Hsu, “Fast Multiframe Motion Estimation Algorithms by Motion Vector Composition for the MPEG-4/AVC/H.264 Standard,” IEEE Transaction on Multimedis, vol. 8, NO. 3, 478-487, June 2006.
    【13】Mei-Juan Chen, Yi-Yen Chiang, Hung-Ju Li and Ming-Chieh Chi, “"Efficient multiframe motion estimation algorithms for MPEG-4/AVC/JVT/H.264," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, May 2004, vol. 3, pp. 737–740.
    【14】Liquan Shen, Zhi Liu, Zhaoyang Zhang, and Guozhong Wang, “An Adaptive and Fast Multiframe Selection Algorithm for H.264 Video Coding,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 14, no. 11, 836-839, November 2007.
    【15】Yu Ting Sun , Yinyi Lin, ” SATD-based Intramode Decision for H.264/AVC Video Coding,” accepted in ICME 2008.
    【16】Yu-Ming Lee, Yinyi Lin, ”An Improved Zero-block Mode Decision Algorithm for H.264/AVC,” IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2007, V - 293-V – 296.
    【17】Jia-Ren Wang , “Fast Multi-frame Motion Estimation Algorithm in H.264/AVC,” 中央大學碩士論文, July 2007.
    【18】Yu-Wen Huang, Bing-Yu Hsieh, Shao-Yi Chien, Shyh-Yih Ma, Liang-Gee Chen, “Analysis and Complexity Reduction of Multiple Reference Frames Motion Estimation in H.264/AVC,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, , vol. 16, NO. 4, April 2006.
    【19】Zhibo Chen, Peng Zhou, and Yun He, “Fast Motion Estimation for JVT,”JVT-G016, 7th Meeting, Pattaya II, Thailand, March 7 –14, 2003.
    【20】Zhibo Chen, Peng Zhou, Yun He, “Fast Integer Pel and Fractional PelMotion Estimation for JVT,” JVT-F017.doc, 6th Meeting: Awaji, Island,JP, 5-13 December, 2002.
    【21】Joint Video Team software JM12.2
    http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/download/

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