本論文主要研究由金屬-介電質反射鏡所組成的微共振腔內光子與激子強耦合的現象。激子材料為具有J-aggregate排列形式的有機花青染料DEDOC分子，並以Layer-by-layer製備法製作成高吸收薄膜後做為主動層置入微共振腔。
我們設計三組不同腔長的微共振腔，分別是120 nm、145 nm、210 nm，量測變角度反射頻譜後對照理論模擬的極化子能態分布。接下來量測變角度光致發光頻譜，不僅三組微共振腔均在室溫下量測到極化子中較低能態(lower polariton branch)的出光，另外在腔長210 nm的微共振腔量測到來自極化子中較高能態(upper polariton branch)的出光，成功經由實驗驗證極化子能態的產生，證實了光子與激子強耦合的機制。

We study the photon and exciton strongly coupled phenomenon in the metal-dielectric mirror microcavity. The material of exciton is DEDOC cyanine dyes having a J-aggregates form, which manufactured the high absorption thin films by layer-by-layer assembly. As a active layer, the DEDOC thin films are placed in the microcavity.
We design the three different cavity length, respectively, 120 nm, 145 nm, 210 nm. From the angle-resolved reflection spectra, we demonstrated the generation of polariton states, well matching with the simulation. Next, from the angle-resolved photoluminescence spectrum, we observed the PL from lower polariton branch in three types of microcavities, and also observed the PL from upper polariton branch for the cavity length of 210 nm. We verify the produce of the polariton energy state through experimental successfully and confirm the mechanism of photon and exciton strongly coupled.

[1] K. B. Davis, M. O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, D. S. Durfee, D. M. Kurn, et al., "Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of Sodium atoms," Physical Review Letters, vol. 75, pp. 3969-3973, 1995.
[2] M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, "Observation of bose-einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapor," Science, vol. 269, pp. 198-201, 1995.
[3] A. Imamoglu, R. J. Ram, S. Pau, and Y. Yamamoto, "Nonequilibrium condensates and lasers without inversion: Exciton-polariton lasers," Phys Rev A, vol. 53, pp. 4250-4253, 1996.
[4] H. Deng, G. Weihs, D. Snoke, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, "Polariton lasing vs. photon lasing in a semiconductor microcavity," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 100, pp. 15318-23, 2003.
[5] D. Bajoni, P. Senellart, E. Wertz, I. Sagnes, A. Miard, A. Lemaître, et al., "Polariton laser using single micropillar GaAs−GaAlAs semiconductor cavities," Physical Review Letters, vol. 100, 2008.
[6] D. Bajoni, E. Semenova, A. Lemaître, S. Bouchoule, E. Wertz, P. Senellart, et al., "Polariton light-emitting diode in a GaAs-based microcavity," Physical Review B, vol. 77, 2008.
[7] C. Weisbuch, M. Nishioka, A. Ishikawa, and Y. Arakawa, "Observation of the coupled exciton-photon mode splitting in a semiconductor quantum microcavity," Physical Review Letters, vol. 69, pp. 3314-3317, 1992.
[8] J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. Keeling, et al., "Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons," Nature, vol. 443, pp. 409-14, 2006.
[9] K. S. Daskalakis, P. S. Eldridge, G. Christmann, E. Trichas, R. Murray, E. Iliopoulos, et al., "All-dielectric GaN microcavity: Strong coupling and lasing at room temperature," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 102, p. 101113, 2013.
[10] H. M. Gibbs, G. Khitrova, and S. W. Koch, "Exciton-polariton light-semiconductor coupling effects," Nat Photon, vol. 5, pp. 273-273, 2011.
[11] V. Timofeev and D. Sanvitto, Exciton Polaritons in Microcavities New Frontiers vol. 172: Springer, 2012.
[12] D. Bajoni, "Polariton lasers. Hybrid light–matter lasers without inversion," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 45, p. 409501, 2012.
[13] S. Forget and S. Chénais, Organic Solid-State Lasers vol. 175: Springer, 2013.
[14] D. G. Lidzey, D. D. C. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, T. Virgili, S. Walker, and D. M. Whittaker, "Strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic semiconductor microcavity," Nature, vol. 395, pp. 53-55, 1998.
[15] D. G. Lidzey, D. D. C. Bradley, T. Virgili, A. Armitage, M. S. Skolnick, and S. Walker, "Room temperature polariton emission from strongly coupled organic semiconductor microcavities," Physical Review Letters, vol. 82, pp. 3316-3319, 1999.
[16] 李正中, 薄膜光學與鍍膜技術, 第七版 新北市, 藝軒圖書出版社, 2012.
[17] 林成之, "有機染料分子薄膜之光電特性研究," 碩士, 光電科學與工程學系, 國立中央大學, 桃園市, 2014.
[18] M. S. Bradley and V. Bulović, "Intracavity optical pumping of J-aggregate microcavity exciton polaritons," Physical Review B, vol. 82, 2010.
[19] C. F. Klingshirn, Semiconductor Optics vol. 3: Springer, 2012.
[20] V. M. Agranovich, M. Litinskaia, and D. G. Lidzey, "Cavity polaritons in microcavities containing disordered organic semiconductors," Physical Review B, vol. 67, 2003.
[21] S. Kéna-Cohen and S. R. Forrest, "Room-temperature polariton lasing in an organic single-crystal microcavity," Nature Photonics, vol. 4, pp. 371-375, 2010.
[22] L. Mazza, S. Kéna-Cohen, P. Michetti, and G. C. La Rocca, "Microscopic theory of polariton lasing via vibronically assisted scattering," Physical Review B, vol. 88, p. 075321, 2013.
[23] G. H. Lodden and R. J. Holmes, "Electrical excitation of microcavity polaritons by radiative pumping from a weakly coupled organic semiconductor," Physical Review B, vol. 82, 2010.
[24] D. G. Lidzey, A. M. Fox, M. D. Rahn, M. S. Skolnick, V. M. Agranovich, and S. Walker, "Experimental study of light emission from strongly coupled organic semiconductor microcavities following nonresonant laser excitation," Physical Review B, vol. 65, 2002.
[25] H. Deng, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, "Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation," Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 82, pp. 1489-1537, 2010.
[26] E. E. Jelley, "Molecular, Nematic and Crystal States of I: I-Diethyl--Cyanine Chloride.pdf," Nature, vol. 139, pp. 631-632, 1937.
[27] E. E. Jelley, "Spectral absorption and fluorescence of dyes in the molecular state," Nature, vol. 138, pp. 1009-1010, 1936.
[28] F. Wurthner, T. E. Kaiser, and C. R. Saha-Moller, "J-aggregates: from serendipitous discovery to supramolecular engineering of functional dye materials," Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, vol. 50, pp. 3376-410, 2011.
[29] M. S. Bradley, J. R. Tischler, and V. Bulović, "Layer-by-Layer J-aggregate thin films with a peak absorption constant of 10^6 cm^–1," Advanced Materials, vol. 17, pp. 1881-1886, 2005.
[30] D. M. Coles, R. T. Grant, D. G. Lidzey, C. Clark, and P. G. Lagoudakis, "Imaging the polariton relaxation bottleneck in strongly coupled organic semiconductor microcavities," Physical Review B, vol. 88, 2013.
[31] 鄭慶偉, "有機分子微共振腔光子與激子強耦合之研究," 碩士, 光電科學與工程學系, 國立中央大學, 桃園市, 2014.
[32] R. K. Iler, "Multilayers of colloidal particles," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 21, pp. 569-594, 1966.
[33] X. Zhang, H. Chen, and H. Zhang, "Layer-by-layer assembly: from conventional to unconventional methods," Chem Commun (Camb), pp. 1395-405, 2007.
[34] H. Fukumoto and Y. Yonezawa, "Layer-by-layer self-assembly of polyelectrolyte and water soluble cyanine dye," Thin Solid Films, vol. 327–329, pp. 748-751, 1998.
[35] T. Tani, M. Saeki, Y. Yamaguchi, T. Hayashi, and M. Oda, "Microscopic exciton properties of fibril-shaped molecular J-aggregates prepared in ultra-thin polymer films," Journal of Luminescence, vol. 107, pp. 339-346, 2004.
[36] S. H. Chen, C. H. Wang, Y. W. Yeh, C. C. Lee, S. L. Ku, and C. C. Huang, "Polarization filters with an autocloned symmetric structure," Appl Opt, vol. 50, pp. C368-72, 2011.
[37] B. Y. Jung, N. Y. Kim, C. Lee, C. K. Hwangbo, and C. Seoul, "Control of resonant wavelength from organic light-emitting materials by use of a Fabry-Perot microcavity structure," Appl Opt, vol. 41, pp. 3312-8, 2002.