基於QEMU-KVM虛擬機器的記憶體層級同步之容錯技術

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研究生：	吳政修 Zheng-Xiu Wu
論文名稱：	基於QEMU-KVM虛擬機器的記憶體層級同步之容錯技術 A Fault-Tolerant QEMU-KVM System based on Continuous Checkpointing
指導教授：	王尉任 Wei-Jen Wang
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 資訊工程學系 Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering
論文出版年：	2019
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	49
中文關鍵詞：	QEMU-KVM 、虛擬機器、容錯系統、持續同步
外文關鍵詞：	QEMU-KVM, Virtual Machine, Fault-Tolerance, Continuous Checkpointing
相關次數：	點閱：16 下載：0
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近年來雲端計算蓬勃發展，IaaS類型的雲端應用需要更多機器來提供服務，所以能將一部實體機器當多部虛擬機器的虛擬化技術成為相當熱門的議題。虛擬化技術能提升實體機器的使用率，但也提升機器故障所造成的損失，高可用性成為相當有效的解決方案，高可用性在故障發生時仍然會有一段停機時間及遺失部分資訊，所以容錯成為更有效的解決方案。容錯系統依照不同特性及運作方式區分為數種架構，持續同步是藉由不中斷的在主要機器與備援機器間同步虛擬機器狀態達成容錯系統中狀態一致的基本要求，也是本研究所採用的架構。本研究基於QEMU-3.0.0設計及實作基於持續同步的容錯系統，除了引入其他虛擬機研究的相關技術來改進本研究，本研究還藉由追蹤及分析虛擬機實作的程式碼來設法改進容錯系統。

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) on the cloud requires more machines to provide services. Therefore the virtualization technology that can use a physical machine as multiple independent virtual machines has become a hot topic. Virtualization technology can increase the utilization rate of physical machines, but it also increases the losses caused by machine failures. Fault Tolerance (FT) becomes a very effective solution for this problem. A fault-tolerant VM system can use several architectures and technology for implementation. Continuous checkpointing is one popular way for achieving the state of the fault-tolerant system by uninterrupted synchronization of the virtual machine states between the main machine and the backup machine, and is also the architecture adopted in this study. This study is based on “QEMU-3.0.0”. We present several implementation techniques and demonstrate its efficiency and overhead in the paper.

摘要 ............................................................................................................................................. i
Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... ii
目錄 ........................................................................................................................................... iii
圖目錄 ........................................................................................................................................ v
表目錄 ....................................................................................................................................... vi
第一章 緒論 ............................................................................................................................ 1
1-1 研究背景 ..................................................................................................................... 1
1-2 研究動機 ..................................................................................................................... 2
1-3 論文貢獻 ..................................................................................................................... 3
1-4 論文架構 ..................................................................................................................... 3
第二章 相關研究 .................................................................................................................... 4
2-1 背景知識 ..................................................................................................................... 4
2-1-1 Kernel-based Virtual Machine & QEMU ......................................................... 4
2-1-2 容錯架構分類 ................................................................................................. 4
2-1-3 Lock-Stepping ................................................................................................... 4
2-1-4 Continuous Checkpoint ..................................................................................... 5
2-1-5 Hybrid ............................................................................................................... 5
2-2 QEMU-KVM 容錯系統 .............................................................................................. 6
2-2-1 Micro-Checkpoint ............................................................................................. 6
2-2-2 Cuju ................................................................................................................... 7
2-2-3 Kemari............................................................................................................... 8
2-2-4 COLO ................................................................................................................ 8
iv
2-2-5 PLOVER ........................................................................................................... 9
2-3 VMWare 容錯系統 ...................................................................................................... 9
第三章 系統架構 .................................................................................................................. 10
3-1 主要架構 ................................................................................................................... 10
3-2 運作流程 ................................................................................................................... 12
3-3 Correctness ................................................................................................................. 14
第四章 效能改進 .................................................................................................................. 19
4-1 改進Checkpoint 流程 .............................................................................................. 19
4-2 改進後的Correctness ............................................................................................... 21
4-3 藉由平行化加速儲存虛擬機器的過程 ................................................................... 25
第五章 實驗結果 .................................................................................................................. 28
5-1 實驗環境與架構 ....................................................................................................... 28
5-2 依照不同Workload 的實驗結果與分析 .................................................................. 30
5-2-1 Idle .................................................................................................................. 30
5-2-2 Kernel Compile ............................................................................................... 31
5-2-3 Network Bandwidth Benchmark (iPerf) ......................................................... 32
5-2-4 DVD Store Benchmark ................................................................................... 33
第六章 結論及未來研究方向 .............................................................................................. 35
參考文獻 .................................................................................................................................. 36
                                

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