在此篇研究報告中，我們再一次檢視Ohtani et al. [2001] 所得出的結論：在磁副暴發生時，會對 SYM-H 帶來負面的貢獻，即在磁副暴發生後，會使得 SYM-H 呈現正增長趨勢，Ohtani et al. [2001] 得出的原因，為跨磁尾電流減弱對 SYM-H 所帶來的貢獻，會勝過因磁副暴物質拋入造成環形電流增強對SYM-H 所帶來的貢獻。在此篇研究報告中，我們藉由Liou et al. [1999] 所判別的磁副暴發生時間點的清單，並以此時間點為新的時間軸，去觀察在磁副暴發生後 SYM-H 的變化，同時我們也檢視ASY-H在磁副暴發生之後是如何變化的。我們所得到的結論是：(1) 我們無法結論出在磁副暴發生後，跨磁尾電流與環形電流的變化對地球磁場的影響，能有一致的定性關係，當我們在探究造成 SYM-H 變化的因素時，我們必須將環形電流位置變動的因素納入考慮。(2) 由對 SYM-H 和行星際磁場 Bz 相對於磁副暴發生時間點的平均變化趨勢的觀察，我們得出 - 行星際磁場的狀況是影響地球磁場變動的主因 - 的結論。(3) 在磁副暴發生後，ASY-H 的變化趨勢與極光能量積分值的變化趨勢，有一個約十分鐘左右的時間延遲關係，在北向行星際磁場環境中，ASY-H的變化趨勢是相當小的，幾近毫無變化。

In the present study, we reexamine the conclusion by Ohtani et al. [2001] that substorms make apparently negative contributions to Dst since the associated reduction of the tail current overcompensates the effect of the ring-current intensification due to particle injection. In this study, we use a list of substorm onsets compiled by Liou et al. [1999] and choose the substorm onset time as a reference time of the variation of SYM-H after the substorm onset. At the same time, we examine how ASY-H respond to the substorm onset. We conclude that (1) we can not confirm any consequential relationship between the variation of SYM-H and the the reduction of the tail current and the intensification of ring current. As to how different factors affect the SYM-H index, we have taken the IMF Bz effect into consideration. (2) Through the superposed epoch analysis, we find that the variation of IMF Bz is the main cause of the variation of SYM-H. (3) We also find that there is a time lag between the variation of auroral power and the variation of ASY-H, and we notice that under the northward IMF Bz condition the variation of ASY-H responds poor to the variation of the auroral power.

Akasofu, S.-I., and S. Chapman, The ring current, geomagnetic
disturbance, and the Van Allen radiation belts, J. Geophys.
Res., 66, 1321, 1961.
Akasofu, S.-I., Polar and Magnetospheric Substorms, D. Reidel,
Norwell, Mass, 1968.
Akasofu, S.-I., S. Chapman, and C.-I. men, The polar
electrojet, J. Atmos Terr. Phys. 27(11/12), 1275-1305,
1965.
Burton, R. K., R. L. McPherron, and C. T. Russell, An empirical
relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst, J.
Geophys. Res., 80, 4204, 1975.
Chapman, S., Earth storms: retrospect and prospect, 17, J.
Phys. Soc. Jpn., 6, 1962.
Ching-I Meng and Kan Liou, Substorm timeings and Timescales:
A new aspect, Space Sci. Rev., 113, 41, 2004
Crooker, N. U., High-Time Resolution of the Low-Latitude
Asymmetric Disturbance in the Geomagnetic Field, J.
Geophys. Res., 77, 773 ,1972
Cummings, W. D., J. N. Barfield, and P. J. Coleman, Jr., Magnetospheric
substorms observed at the synchronous orbit, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 6887,
1968.Daglis, I. A., R. M. Thorne, W. Baumjohann, and S. Orsini, The
terrestrial ring current: Origin, formation, and decay,
Rev. Geophys., 37, 407, 1999.
Erickson, K. N., R. L. Swanson, R. J. Walker, and J. R. Winckler, Astudy of
magnetosphere dynamics during auroral electrojet events by observations of
energetic electron intensity changes at synchronous orbit, J. Geophys.
Res., 84, 931, 1979.
Fairfield, D. H. and N. F. NESS, Configuration of the geomagnetic tail during
substorm, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 7032, 1970.
Germany, G. A., G. K. Parks, M. Brittnacher, J. Cumnock, D.
Lummmerzheim, J. F. Spann, L. Chen, P. G. Richards, and F.
J. Rich, Rrmote determination of auroral energy
characteristics during substorm activitym, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 24., 955, 1997
Gonzalez,W. D., J. A. Joselyn, Y. Kamide, H. K. Kroehl, G.
Rostoker, B. T. Tsurutani, and V. M. Vasyliunas, What is
a geomagnetic storm?, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5771, 1994.
Iyemori, T., Araki, T., Kamei, T., Takeda, M., Mid-latitude
Geomagnetic Indices “ASY” and “SYM” for 1999
(Provisional), Data Analysis Center for Geomagnetism and
Space Magnetism, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto
University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, 2000
Kamide, Y., Baumjohann, W., Daglis, I. A., Gonzalez, W.D.,
Grande, M., Joselyn, J. A., McPherron, R. L., Phillips, J.
L., Reeves, G. D., Rostoker, G., Sharma, A. S., Singer, H.
J., Tsurutani, B. T., and Vasyliunas, V. M., “Current
Understanding of Magnetic Storms: Strom/Substorm
Relationships”, J. Geophys. Res. 103,17705, 1998.
Lezniak, T. W. and J. R. Winckler, Experimental study of magnetospheric
motions and the acceleration of energetic electrons during substorms, J.
Geophys. Res., 75, 7075, 1970.
Liou, K., Meng, C.-I.., Newell, P. T., Brittnacher, M. and
Parks, G., Characteristics of the solar wind controlled
auroral emissions, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 17543, 1998.
Liou, K., Meng, C.-I., Lui, A. T. Y., Newell, P. T.,
Brittnacher, M. and Parks, G., ‘On Relative Timing in
Substorm Onset Signatures’. J. Geophys. Res. 104,
22,807–22,817, 1999.
Liou, K., Meng, C.-I., Lui, A. T. Y., Newell, P. T. and Wing,
S.: 2002,‘Magnetic Dipolarization With Substorm
Expansion Onset’. J. Geophys. Res. 107, 1428.
Lui, A. T. Y., Current controversies in the magnetospheric physics, Rev. of
Geophys., 34, 535-563, 2001
Maltsev, Y. P., and A. A. Ostapenko, Statistical assessment of
the magnetotail current contribution to Dst, Sixth
International Conference on Substorms, March 25-29, 2002,
University of Washington, Seattle, pp. 358-363, 2002
McPherron R. L., Growth phase of magnetospheric substorms, J. Geophys. Res.,
75, 5592, 1970.
McPherron R. L., Magnetospheric Dynamics, Introduction to
Space Physics, 1995
McPherron R. L., “ The role of substorms in the generation
of magnetic storms,” in Magnetic Storms, Geophysical
Monograph Series, B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, Y.
Kamide, and J. K. Arballo, Eds. Washington, DC: Amer.
Geophys. Union, 1997, vol 98, pp. 131-147
McPherron R. L., CALCULATION OF THE Dst INDEX, Presentation at LWS CDAW
Workshop Fairfax, Virginia March 14-16, 2005
Meng, Chen-I, and Liou, Kan, Substorm timings and timescales: A new aspect,
Space, Sci. Rev., 113, 41-75, 2004.
Ohtani, S., M. Nose´, G. Rostoker, H. Singer, A. T. Y. Lui, and
M. Nakamura (2001), Storm-substorm relationship:
Contribution of the tail current to Dst, J. Geophys. Res.,
106, 21,199.
Rostoker, G., Phenomenology and physics of magnetospheric
substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,955, 1996.
Sauvaud, J.-A., and J. R. Winckler, Dynamics of plasma, energetic particles,
and fields near synchronous orbit in the nighttime sector during
magnetospheric substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 2043, 1980.
Torr, M. R., et al., A far ultraviolet imager for the international solar-
terrestrial physics mission, Space Sci. Rev., 71, 329, 1995.
Wolf, R. A., J. W. Freeman Jr., B. A. Hausman, R. W. Spiro, R.
B. Hilmer, and R. L. Lambour, Modeling convection effects
in magnetic storms, in Magnetic Storms, Geophys. Monogr.
Ser., vol. 98, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., p. 161,
AGU, Washington, D. C., 1997.