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研究生: 謝宛璇
Wan-hsuan Hsieh
論文名稱: 通路利潤最大化之信用期決策模式
指導教授: 沈國基
Gwo-Ji Sheen
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 工業管理研究所
Graduate Institute of Industrial Management
畢業學年度: 90
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 59
中文關鍵詞: 信用期通路合作聯合經濟訂購量
外文關鍵詞: Credit period, Channel coordination, Joint economic order quantity
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  • 本研究以通路利潤最大化之目標,探討在單一買方與單一賣方之二階層通路環境下,賣方應如何透過信用期(Credit period)之提供,以作為達到通路合作之協商機制;並藉由此問題之探討,同時決策買方之售價。
    所謂信用期,意指賣方提供買方在收貨後一可容許的付款期限,於此期間內,賣方不收取額外利息,藉此可減少買方存貨上之資金壓力。本研究即以此信用期之提供作為賣方提供給予買方之獎勵方式,以促進雙方達到通路整合之目的。本研究採用價格彈性(Price-elasticity demand)定義需求為買方售價之函數,藉此以反應出在信用期之提供下,因買方存貨成本之減少,導致售價之降低,進而能增加顧客需求之現象。
    本文透過簡單之模式建構,說明通路合作下買、賣雙方獲利之效益。在分別建立雙方協商前、後之獲利模式後,透過相關之獲利限制式以獲取協商前、後之獲利關係。在協商後獲利增加最大化之情況下,求取買方最佳售價與信用期之合理範圍,最後在雙方議價能力相同之假設下,以Nash(1950)模式訂定信用期。
    由本研究之模式推導,可知通路合作確實可增加獲利,而此獲利由信用期之提供與降價後需求量之增加所造成。本文並經過模式驗證,說明通路在面對不同環境時,信用期訂定之情形。當資金機會成本增加時,信用期有遞減之趨勢;價格彈性增加時,信用期為凹向下之特性;市場需求量大時,信用期有遞增之趨勢;賣方邊際利潤增加時,信用期亦有遞增之情形。本文即藉由探討信用期之訂定情形,提供實務界相關之決策依據。


    提要…………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ 目錄…………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ 圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅳ 表目錄………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅴ 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………..1 1.1 研究背景與動機……………………………………………………………1 1.2 問題敘述……………………………………………………………………3 1.3 研究目的……………………………………………………………………5 1.4 研究方法與流程……………………………………………………………6 1.4.1 研究方法……………………………………………………………...6 1.4.2 研究流程……………………………………………………………...7 第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………..8 2.1 延遲付款……………………………………………………………………8 2.1.1 信用期 ..……………………………………………………………...8 2.1.2 買方與賣方之相關議題…………………………………………….10 2.2 價格彈性需求……………………………………………………………..12 2.3 二階層存貨模式…………………………………………………………..13 2.3.1 通路合作…………………………………………………………….13 2.3.2 數量折扣之探討…………………………………………………….14 第三章 模式之建構…………………………………………………………………16 3.1 基本假設…………………………………………………………………..16 3.2 符號定義…………………………………………………………………..17 3.3 買、賣雙方協商前之獲利模式…………………………………………..18 3.3.1 買方之決策………………………………………………………….18 3.3.2 賣方之決策………………………………………………………….19 3.3.3 買、賣方之最大獲利……………………………………………….19 3.3.4存貨成本函數………………………………………………………..20 3.4 買、賣雙方協商後之獲利模式…………………………………………..22 3.4.1 賣方提供信用期之目的…………………………………………….22 3.4.2 買、賣方之聯合獲利與聯合訂購量……………………………….22 3.4.3 聯合政策對買、賣方之影響……………………………………….23 3.4.4 聯合政策之獲利…………………………………………………….24 3.4.5 利潤分享…………………………………………………………….25 第四章 數據分析與結果驗證………………………………………………………27 4.1 信用期對買、賣方獲利之影響…………………………………………..27 4.1.1 買、賣方協商前之獲利…………………………………………….28 4.1.2 買、賣方協商後之獲利…………………………………………….29 4.2 參數設定與信用期之關係………………………………………………..31 4.2.1 資金機會成本之影響……………………………………………….31 4.2.2 價格彈性之影響…………………………………………………….33 4.2.3 規模因子之影響…………………………………………………….37 4.2.4 賣方邊際利潤之影響……………………………………………….38 4.3 買方售價與信用期訂定對聯合獲利之影響……………………………..40 第五章 結論…………………………………………………………………………43 5.1 研究貢獻…………………………………………………………………..43 5.2 研究限制…………………………………………………………………..44 5.3 未來研究方向……………………………………………………………..45 附錄…………………………………………………………………………………..46 附錄A………………………………………………………………………….46 附錄B…………………….……………………………………………………47 附錄C………………………………………………………………………….48 附錄D ………………….……………………………………………………49 附錄E ....……………………………………………………………………..50 附錄F.………………………………………………………………………….51 參考文獻.…………………………………………………………………………….52

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