具QoS功能的Home Gateway之設計與實現｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	劉炳榮 Bing-Rong Liu
論文名稱：	具QoS功能的Home Gateway之設計與實現 The Design and Implementation of a QoS Home Gateway
指導教授：	吳曉光 Hsiao-kuang Wu
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 資訊工程學系 Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering
畢業學年度：	91
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	52
中文關鍵詞：	差異性服務、多媒體
外文關鍵詞：	Home Gateway, Quality of Service (QoS), Diffserv
相關次數：	點閱：7 下載：0
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寬頻的到來使得家庭用戶能從Internet使用多媒體資料。Home gateway為提供家中電腦及資訊家電存取Internet的寬頻設備，在Home gateway相關的研究中包含了為連接Home network使用多種網路技術，保全，服務資訊提供及網路品質保證(QoS)等。當越來越多種設備都經由home gateway連上Internet時，QoS就越顯得重要。若home gateway沒有適當的機制配合，對VoIP一類有即時資料需求的使用端會因競爭產生packet loss或jitter等影響。然而，目前大部分的home gateway尚未將QoS內建。本研究的目的即為設計並實作一具備QoS功能的home gateway。本研究假設在core network端已有Diffserv來支援由home gateway出去的封包。其面臨的困難在於找出一個有效支援QoS的queuing方法，同時此方法還要能在有限的硬體資源上實現。主要的queuing採用了CBQ，選用的原因是根據在NS2中模擬分析後得到的結果。硬體平台使用了FPGA處理封包，另連接兩張乙太網路卡。軟體部分使用了小型的embedded OS及IP stack，並加入CBQ的功能。最後也建立了一個測試環境來檢驗結果。

The broadband technologies such as ADSL have enabled delivering multimedia streams to the residential users. A home gateway is a broadband network device that provides Internet access for home equipments, including PCs, IAs (Information Appliances), and telecommunication devices. Critical issues for a home gateway have been under investigation, such as new network interface, security, resource discovery, and QoS. Without a QoS mechanism on the home gateway, packet loss and jitter can significantly affect the multimedia sessions such as VoIP. Most existing home gateways provide preliminary functions such as NAT, firewall, but they do not support QoS enable functions. This thesis designs and implements a QoS supported home gateway. The contributions of this thesis include analyzing the appropriate queuing disciplines, and implementing a CBQ engine on an embedded resource limited platform. A CBQ engine, with three queues, is implemented based on the result of our model and simulation in NS-2. This home gateway hardware is implemented on a FPGA board, with two Fast-Ethernet interfaces. An embedded OS and a light weight IP stack were adopted and modified to adapt to our QoS mechanism. Several multimedia stream application experiments are performed to validate the functionality.

CONTENTS
Abstract	I
摘要	II
Contents	III
List Of Figures	V
List Of Tables	VI
CHAPTER 1	1
Background and Introduction	1
1.1 	The Home Network	1
1.2 	The role of a Home Gateway in the Home Network	3
1.3 	Home Gateway QoS requirement	4
1.4 	Contributions and Challenges	9
1.5 	Organization of this Thesis	11
CHAPTER 2	12
Related Work	12
2.1 	Queuing Disciplines	12
2.2 	QoS Gateway Implementations and Experiments	14
2.3 	Motivation: Simple queuing engine on embedded system	15
CHAPTER 3	16
Home Network Modeling And Simulation	16
3.1 	Network Environment	16
3.2 	Simulation Scenarios	17
3.3	Simulation results and Analysis	18
3.4	CBQ as the Solution	22
CHAPTER 4	25
Implementation	25
4.1 	System Architecture	25
4.2 	Hardware Architecture Detail	26
4.3 	Software Architecture Detail	28
4.4 	System Operation	29
4.5 	Egress queuing	31
4.6	Bandwidth Controlling	33
4.7	System Usage	34
CHAPTER 5	36
Implementation Experiments	36
5.1 	Test Environment and Applications	36
5.2 	Results and Comparison	39
CHAPTER 6	45
Conclusion and Future Work	45
References	47
Appendix A	52
Implementation Platform	52
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 1: An Example for Home Network Applications	2
Figure 1 2: A Diffserv Network	7
Figure 3 1: Ns-2 Simulation Model	17
Figure 3 2: Ideal average throughput of VoIP	19
Figure 3 3: Comparing average throughput of VoIP	20
Figure 3 4: Comparing average throughput of VoIP	21
Figure 3 5: Comparing average throughput of Video	22
Figure 4 1: Overview of the Home Gateway System Hardware Architecture	25
Figure 4 2: Home Gateway System Software Architecture	26
Figure 4 3: IP packet flow	30
Figure 4 4: Converting Ethernet frame to pbufs	31
Figure 4 5: IP stack and device driver	32
Figure 4 6: IP stack and CBQ engine	32
Figure 4 7: CBQ engine and Device driver	33
Figure 4 8: One Usage of the QoS supported Home Gateway	34
Figure 5 1: Test environment	36
Figure 5 2: Logic view of the Test environment	37
Figure 5 3: Test environment	37
Figure 5 4: Application flows go through the home gateway	39
Figure 5 5: VoIP throughput with CBQ support in Scenario 1	40
Figure 5 6: VoIP and H.323 throughput with CBQ support	43
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3 1: Sender Parameters for Scenario 1	20
Table 3 2: Sender Parameters for Scenario 2	21
Table 3 3: Sender Parameters for Scenario 3	22
Table 4 1: Hardware Components	27
Table 4 2: Resources used on FPGA	28
Table 4 3: Home Gateway software components	29
Table 4 4: lwIP Pbuf structure	31
Table 4 5: Example rules for setting up the home gateway	35
Table 5 1: Parameters for each application	39
Table 5 2: Queuing Parameters for each application in scenario 1	39
Table 5 3: Average throughput in Scenario 1	41
Table 5 4: QoS throughput achieved in Scenario 1	41
Table 5 5: Queuing Parameters for each application in scenario 2	42
Table 5 6: Average throughput in scenario 2	43
Table 5 7: QoS throughput achieved in scenario 2	44

                                

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