自治系統中路由反射器配置與階層化之研究｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	廖育昇 Yu-Sheng Liao
論文名稱：	自治系統中路由反射器配置與階層化之研究 A Study of Hierarchical Route Reflector’s arrangement in an Autonomous System
指導教授：	陳彥文 Yen-Wen Chen
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系在職專班 Executive Master of Communication Engineering
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	48
中文關鍵詞：	自治系統、邊界閘道協定、路由反射、路由反射器
外文關鍵詞：	AS, BGP-4, Route Reflection, Route Reflector
相關次數：	點閱：11 下載：0
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近年來隨著網際網路發展的日益蓬勃，使得用於網際網路上的各種應用也日益增多；而隨著使用者以及應用的增加，連帶使得網路上的各項種類的訊務量也隨之增加。有鑑於此，如何有效的利用網路頻寬似乎已成為當今改善網際網路環境日趨擁擠情形的重要課題。
本論文中，我們將會探討以及實際模擬在自治系統的環境下，以全互連（Full-Mesh）的情況做IBGP路由交換；之後我們會加入路由反射器，並且以減少mesh數目之目的下予以一至多階層化做適當的配置；然後利用數據以及圖表探討評估全互連以及路由反射器階層化配置的情況之下所帶來的改善以及影響。

After the rapid development of the Internet in recent years, more and more applications have been deployed in Internet. Due to a large number of the users and applications being introduced, various kinds of the data flows get rising accordingly. In accordance with this situation, it is an important subject to improve the performance of Internet through the effective arrangement of network bandwidth so that the traffic congestion can be avoided.
In this thesis, we focus on the discussion and reviewing of the “IBGP” routing information’s exchange of the AS’s (Autonomous System) and the interconnection of PE routers of PPVPN through the Full-Mesh’s environment at first. Base on the subject of path complexity occurred in mesh topology, we study the use and architecture of route reflectors (RR) with multi levels manner to reduce the topology. We analyze and compare the improvement and effect of the Full-Mesh RR and the proposed Multi-Level RR exhaustive simulations.

摘 要.......................................................... i
Abstract ....................................................... ii
致 謝........................................................ iii
目 錄......................................................... iv
圖目錄......................................................... vi
表目錄....................................................... viii
第一章 緒論................................................. 1
1. 前言....................................................... 1
2. 研究動機................................................... 2
3. 論文架構................................................... 2
第二章 相關背景研究......................................... 3
1. 自治系統(Autonomous System) ................................ 3
2. IGP 與EGP .................................................. 5
2.1. IGP..................................................... 5
2.2. EGP..................................................... 5
3. BGP-4(Border Gateway Protocol Version 4) ................... 5
3.1. BGP-4................................................... 5
3.2. IBGP 於AS 的應用........................................ 7
3.3. BGP 訊息標頭格式........................................ 7
3.4. BGP 訊息建立機制....................................... 11
4. 路由反射(Route Reflection)技術............................ 14
4.1. Full-Mesh.............................................. 14
4.2. Route Reflection....................................... 16
5. RR 在VPN 之應用............................................ 19
摘 要.......................................................... i
Abstract ....................................................... ii
致 謝........................................................ iii
目 錄......................................................... iv
圖目錄......................................................... vi
表目錄....................................................... viii
第一章 緒論................................................. 1
1. 前言....................................................... 1
2. 研究動機................................................... 2
3. 論文架構................................................... 2
第二章 相關背景研究......................................... 3
1. 自治系統(Autonomous System) ................................ 3
2. IGP 與EGP .................................................. 5
2.1. IGP..................................................... 5
2.2. EGP..................................................... 5
3. BGP-4(Border Gateway Protocol Version 4) ................... 5
3.1. BGP-4................................................... 5
3.2. IBGP 於AS 的應用........................................ 7
3.3. BGP 訊息標頭格式........................................ 7
3.4. BGP 訊息建立機制....................................... 11
4. 路由反射(Route Reflection)技術............................ 14
4.1. Full-Mesh.............................................. 14
4.2. Route Reflection....................................... 16
5. RR 在VPN 之應用............................................ 19
2.1. PPVPN.................................................. 19
5.2. BGP/MPLS IP VPNs....................................... 20
第三章 模擬架構環境說明.................................... 22
1. 階層式路由反射(Hierarchical Route Reflection) ............. 22
2. 模擬架構以及運作方式描述.................................. 23
2.1. 建立Full-Mesh 的路由環境.............................. 23
2.2. 建立RR 路由環境並比較Full-Mesh 的環境................. 24
2.3. 建立並比較階層化的RR 的路由環境....................... 26
3. 階層化對Mesh 數的影響..................................... 27
4. 階層化對頻寬的影響........................................ 28
5. 階層化對訊息傳遞的影響.................................... 28
6. 模擬使用工具簡介.......................................... 29
6.1. NS-2................................................... 29
6.2. NS-BGP................................................. 30
第四章 模擬結果與討論...................................... 31
1. 建立Full-Mesh 的環境...................................... 31
2. 建立RR 的環境............................................. 33
3. 極端的RR 配置............................................. 34
4. 建立階層化RR 的環境....................................... 35
5. 階層化RR 所增加的頻寬..................................... 39
6. 階層化RR 所增加的訊息傳遞時間............................. 43
第五章 結論................................................ 45
參考文獻....................................................... 47

                                

[1] Y. Rekhter, T. Li, S. Hares, “A Border Gateway
Protocol 4 (BGP-4)”, RFC 4271, January 2006.
[2] T. Bates, E. Chen, R. Chandra, “BGP Route Reflection:
An Alternative to Full-Mesh Internal BGP (IBGP)”,
RFC 4456, April 2006.
[3] P. Traina, D. McPherson, J. Scudder, “Autonomous
System Confederations for BGP”, RFC 3065,February 2001.
[4] E. Chen, “Route Refresh Capability for BGP-4”,
RFC 2918, September 2000.
[5] Sam Halabi, Danny McPherson, “Internet Routing
Architectures”, Cisco Press; 2 editions (2000),
ISBN: 978-1578702336.
[6] 柯志亨、程榮祥、謝錫(方方土)、黃文祥（2005）：《計算機網
路實驗-以NS2模擬工具實作》，台北：學貫行銷股份有限公司。
[7] NS2 使用說明手冊 ( NS2 Learning Guide),
http://hpds.ee.ncku.edu.tw/~smallko/ns2/ns2.htm
[8] ns-2 Official Website,
http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/
[9] ns-BGP Official Website,
http://www.ensc.sfu.ca/~ljilja/cnl/projects/BGP/
[10] A. Nagarajan, Ed., “Generic Requirements for Provider
Provisioned Virtual Private Networks (PPVPN)”,
RFC3809, June 2004.
[11] L. Andersson, T. Madsen, “Provider Provisioned
Virtual Private Network (VPN) Terminology”,
RFC4026, March 2005.
[12] M. Carugi, Ed., D. McDysan, Ed., “Service
Requirements for Layer 3 Provider Provisioned Virtual
Private Networks (PPVPNs)”, RFC4031, April 2005.
[13] E. Rosen, Y. Rekhter, “BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs)”, RFC4364, February 2006.
[14] T. Bates, R. Chandra, D. Katz, Y. Rekhter,
“Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4”, RFC4760,
January 2007.
[15] T. Li, R. Fernando, J. Abley, “The AS_PATHLIMIT Path
Attribute”, draft-ietf-idr-as-pathlimit-03.txt,
January 2007.
[16] M. Jork, A. Atlas, L. Fang, “LDP IGP Synchronization
”, draft-ietf-mpls-igp-sync-00.txt, September 2007.
[17] Pradosh Mohapatra, Eric Rosen, “BGP Encapsulation
SAFI and BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute”,
draft-ietf-idr-encaps-safi-00.txt, August 2007.
[18] John G Scudder, Chandra Appanna, “Multisession BGP”,
draft-ietf-idr-bgp-multisession-03.txt, January 2007.

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