本文由異國戀CCR現象做為出發，發現CCR討論中女性主義式的論述經常強調女性情慾自由並抨擊當地父權文化，相較之下對於西方霸權的反思卻相當少，而這個特殊的隱蔽性 (invisibility) 開啟了本文的研究。本文將CCR作為文化文本閱讀，並由此進入重訪台灣女性主義的歷史與發展，並檢視女性主義與具有高度冷戰色彩的美國亞洲基金會 (The Asia Foundation) 的合作。
本論文指出，美國亞洲基金會與美國政府的密切合作，重點工作之一是宣傳西方的冷戰意識形態。同時在台灣，美國亞洲基金會贊助過相當多重要的女性主義者、團體。然而，儘管美國亞洲基金會對於台灣女性主義發展具有相當重要性，學界卻沒有任何對於該基金會與女性主義發展之研究。這個隱蔽性恰恰指出了冷戰如何遺留於台灣女性主義知識生產當中。因此，透過指出美國亞洲基金會與當地女性主義發展的各項合作並複雜化台灣女性主義歷史，本文嘗試指出，當代女性主義語言論述中對於西方批判性的缺乏，以及女性主義學界對於美國亞洲基金會的無研究都印證了美國的冷戰部屬如何影響台灣女性主義論述與知識生產，以及女性主義語言如何可以被動員為冷戰工具，隱蔽並鞏固西方的冷戰階序與現代性。

This thesis starts from discussions on a specific form of interracial intimacy in Taiwan called Cross Cultural Romance (CCR). In the discussions, feminist discourses defend female sexuality highlighting individuality and local misogyny, yet neglect reflections on Western hegemony in Asia. This invisibilization of the West ignites my curiosity to question this particular feminist knowledge formation. Using CCR as a cultural text and an entry, this thesis revisits the development of local feminism in postwar Taiwan, and examines the connection of local feminism and the Asia Foundation, a U.S. non-governmental organization with a Cold War agenda to siege Communism.

This thesis suggests that TAF was supported by the U.S. government to propagate U.S. Cold War ideology, and that TAF financially assisted many key feminist figures and groups in Taiwan. Although TAF had been important in the feminist history in Taiwan, there are not scholarly discussions on the connection of TAF and local feminism. This invisibilization of the TAF in feminism reveals the Cold War influence in feminist knowledge production. Therefore, by reviewing the assistance from TAF to feminist development and complicating the feminist history with a critical Cold War analysis, my research points out that the invisibilization of either the West in modern CCR discussion or of TAF in feminist scholarship is a Cold War legacy of the U.S. deployment in Asia, and that feminist language could be mobilized as a tool to conceal and reinforce the Cold War imagination of modernity.

Books
Chang, Doris T. Women’s Movements in Twentieth-Century Taiwan. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2009.
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Cheng, Cindy I-Fen. Citizens of Asian America: Democracy and Race during the Cold War. New York: NYU Press, 2013.
Guan, You-yuan. Fifty Years of Partnership: the Asia Foundation and Taiwan's Social Development. Taipei: Angle Publishing, 2004.
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Ku, Yenlin. 台灣婦女運動. [Women’s Movement in Taiwan] Taipei: Owl Publishing House, 2020
Lee, Yuan-Chen. 眾女成城：台灣婦運回憶錄（上）. [Women Together: Memoir on Women’s Movement in Taiwan] Taipei: 女書文化 [Nüshu Culture], 2014.
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Yoneyama, Lisa. Cold War Ruins: Transpacific Critique of American Justice and Japanese War Crimes. Durham: Duke University Press, 2016.
Yu, Chien-ming. “明明月照來時路：臺灣婦運的歷史觀察.” [Bright moon lights up the road: a historic observation on women’s movement in Taiwan] In 性屬關係（下）：性別與文化、再現 [Gender Relations II: Gender, Culture and Representation], eited by Ya-Ko Wang, 207. Taipei: Psychological Publishing, 1999.

Journal
Blum, Robert. “The Work of The Asia Foundation.” Pacific Affairs 29, no.1 (March 1956): 46-56.
Chang, Yang. “The Dual Cultural Cold War: An Analysis of the Asia Foundation's Program for Aiding Universities in Asia.” Twenty-First Century 193 (Ocotober 2022):105-116.
Chen, Ya-Ling. “強暴與浪漫異國戀之間「不公正的性」.” [Unjust Sex Between Rape and Romantic International Relationship] Gender Equity Education Quarterly 88 (September 2019): 94-101.
Chiang, Lan-Hung Nora. “臺大婦女研究室成立過程十問.” [Ten Questions about the Establishment of WRP] Taiwan Women e Press 172 (April 2022): http://www.twepress.net/biography/career/item/1246-2022-4-12-15-05-00
Ding, Nai-Fei. “給婦運同志們的公開信.” [A Public Letter for Comrades in Women’s Movement] Con-Temporary Monthly 127 (1998): 94-96.
Ding, Naifei. “In the Eye of International Feminism: Cold Sex Wars in Taiwan.” Economic and Political Weekly 50, no. 17 (April 2015): 56-62.
Escobar, Arturo. “Power and Visibility: Development and the Invention and Management of the Third World.” Cultural Anthropology 3 (November 1988):428-443.
Fu, Poshek. “The Cultural Cold War in Hong Kong: The Chinese Student Weekly and the Asia Foundation, 1950~1970 (Part 1).” Twenty-First Century 173 (June 2019): 47-62.
Grewal, Inderpal. “‘Women's rights as human rights’: Feminist practices, global feminism, and human rights regimes in transnationality.” Citizenship Studies 3 (1999): 337-354.
Ku, Yenlin. “From Transplanting to Rooting: Women’s Studies in Taiwan (1985-1995).” Research on Women in Modern Chinese History 4 (August 1996): 241-268.
Lin, Chien-ting. “Fixing the Severed Fingers: The Militarization of Injured Nationalism and Racialized Cold War Liberal Humanism.” Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies 109 (April 2018): 5-35.
Liu, Jen-Peng. “Sex, Yin, Translation: Nooks and Crannies of Sex/Gender Knowledge Reconfiguration in Late Qing China.” Chung Wai Literary Quarterly 4 (December 2020), 125-153.
McLelland, Mark. ““Kissing is a symbol of democracy!” Dating, Democracy, and Romance in Occupied Japan, 1945–1952.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 19, no.3 (September 2010): 508-535.
Spakowski, Nicola. “Socialist Feminism in Post-Socialist China.” Positions: Asia Critique 26, no.4 (November 2018): 561-592.
Wang, Mei-Hsiang. “Intermediaries and Interventions of NGOs in the Cold War: Southeast Asian Culture Propaganda of CFA and TAF (1951-1959).” Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy 32, no.1 (March 2020):123-158.
Yoneyama, Lisa. “Liberation under Siege: U.S. Military Occupation and Japanese Women's Enfranchisement.” American Quarterly 57, no. 3 (September 2005): 885-910.

Conference Paper
Liao, Mika and Kao, Chia-Hui. “CCR正流行？探討臺灣媒體如何建構異國戀框架.” [Unjust Sex Between Rape and Romantic International Relationship] Paper presented at 2013 Chinese Communication Society, Fu Jen Catholic University, July 2013. http://ccstaiwan.org/paperdetail.asp?HP_ID=1543

News
“台妹「令人噁心但肉體很迷人」？ 學者力挺CCR尋真愛.” [Taiwanese girls are “disgusting with charming body.” A Scholar supports CCR to Search for True Love] ETtoday, June 20, 2013. https://www.ettoday.net/news/20130620/227351.htm#ixzz5EE0AuPVT
“ㄈㄈ尺，又怎樣──愛情來了難道還要看國籍？” [CCR so what? When love come, why bother its nationality?] Crossing, January 28, 2019. https://crossing.cw.com.tw/article/11289
“墾丁絕妙CCR！酒促妹怒吼：台灣女被外國男人頂超嗨！” [Amazing CCR in Kenting! Roar from Beer Promotion Girls: Taiwanese girls are Agog to be Rubbed by Foreign Men] ETtoday, April 14, 2013. https://www.ettoday.net/news/20130414/192425.htm
Chen, Wan Xuan. “ㄈㄈ尺、洋腸與臭婊子：歧視語言下的自卑、恐懼與失語症.” [Fe-Fe-Chi, Western Dick and Slut: Self-Consciousness, Fear and Aphasia under the Discriminative Language] 鳴人堂[Ming Ren Tang], November 13, 2015. https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/7286/1312402
Renren. “異國戀的告白：CCR沒有你想像中的特別.” [A Confession from International Relationship: CCR is Not as Special as You Think] Womany, August 25, 2015. https://womany.net/read/article/8319
Shih, Paris. “全球慾望城市中的陰性惡魔：當台灣女人遇上西方男人.” [The Feminine Evil in Sex and the City: When Taiwanese Women meet Western men] Womany, July 15, 2014. https://womany.net/read/article/4981
Smith, Nicola. “Taiwan's same-sex marriage ruling could cement its place as Asia's liberal beacon.” The Guardian, May 23, 2017. https://reurl.cc/aaRmNG
You, Jia-Chuan. “仇CCR情緒從何而來？厭女文化、求偶焦慮與受挫的陽剛氣概.” [Where are the anti-CCR emotions from? Misogyny, Courtship Anxiety and Masculinity Frustration] The News Lens, February 10, 2021. https://www.thenewslens.com/feature/ccr/145428
Yu, ChenYi.“我說妳是妳就是──PTT「母豬教」中的厭女與性別挑釁.” [I Said You are! Misogyny and Gender Provocation in ‘Sow’ trend in PTT] 陽光行動 [Sunlight Action], March 7, 2020. https://sdgs.udn.com/sdgs/story/120990/4397063

Lecture
Ding, Naifei. “女性主義的性論述.” [The feminist discourse on sexuality] lecture, 第八期“性社會學理論與實踐”研討班, [The 8th Workshop on Sociology Theories and Practices of Sexuality] Harbin, People’s Republic of China, June 28, 2017. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/_H_gQPT-3KJkAw7FBSsLsQ

Dissertation/Thesis
Chang, De-Ying. “Taiwanese Women''s Experiences in Interracial Intimacies with “Desirable” White Men: A Postcolonial Perspective.” thesis, Kaohsiung Medical University, 2009.
Tung, Kuang-Yi. “What’s “Wrong” with Falling Love with Western Guys?─Analyzing the non-default mate selection in Taiwan.” thesis, National Taipei University, 2016.
Wang, Mei-hsiang. “Unattributed Power: Taiwan and Hong Kong Literature under the U.S. Aid Literary Institution (1950-1962).” PhD diss., University of Tsing Hua, 2015.

Streamvideo
Dwagie. “西餐妹.” [Women with White Fever] Youtube, uploaded June 13, 2013, 4:33. https://youtu.be/uExx2Agghnk

Website
“Academic Conference on the Female Role in the State Development.” Photograph. Taiwan Women e Press, April 12, 2022. https://reurl.cc/QWmvO5
Foundation of Women’s Rights Promotion and Development. “Introduction,” Foundation of Women’s Rights Promotion and Development, last accessed December 16, 2022. https://reurl.cc/6L9ODk
Guest. “白人對CCR的真心話.” [The True Words White People Want to Say to CCR] Gossiping, last accesed December 18, 2022. https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1370585727.A.DDC.html
Missface. “本板文章範疇.” CCRomance, last accessed December 18, 2022. https://www.ptt.cc/man/CCRomance/D622/M.1379210929.A.DAB.html
National Women’s League. “婦聯會是捲起袖子敬軍勞軍的婦女團體.” [NWL is a women’s group that roll up sleeves to support soldiers] last updated December 15, 2022. https://www.nwl.org.tw/product_1228872.html
The Asia Foundation. “Who We Are.” About the Asia Foundation, last accessed December 16, 2022. https://asiafoundation.org/about/
Tso, Chen-Dong and John J. Brandon. “訪談台灣婦運領袖顧燕翎.” [Interview the Leader of Women’s Movement in Taiwan] 女性主義起點站[Starting Point for Feminism], last accessed December 16. http://feminist-original.blogspot.com/2015/02/blog-post.html

Government
Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan). “總統接見美國亞洲基金會（The Asia Foundation）會長傅勒博士.” [The President meeting with Dr. Fuller from the Asia Foundation ] News of Office of the President, June 27, 2000. https://www.president.gov.tw/NEWS/6894

Archive
“The Asia Foundation.” June 13, 1969, LOC-HAK-1-5-33-8, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room (FOIA), CIA. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/loc-hak-1-5-33-8
“CFA budget for FY-1955.” 25 June, 1954, DTPILLAR VOL. 2_0034, Internet Archive. https://reurl.cc/qZolN3
Law
The Asia Foundation Act. Pub. L. no. 98-164, 97 Stat. 1038 (1983). https://reurl.cc/X5prQM