巴西蘑菇為一種食藥用菇，近來之所以受到注目，是因為巴西蘑菇多醣體的抗腫瘤活性極高，能有效提高生物體的免疫機能，活化老鼠體內巨噬細胞的吞噬能力，以及對小白鼠sarcoma 180的腫瘤抑制率與腫瘤完全退縮率幾乎達到100%的效果，是未來相當具有潛力開發成為一種抗癌藥物，另外在作為保健食品方面，目前市面上也已經有幾種商品化的產品出現。
為了增加巴西蘑菇多醣體的產量，本研究以深層液態發酵的培養方式，以期增加多醣體的產量，然而影響發酵的環境因子很多，過去的文獻中提到，培養基的pH值，會影響到菌體的外觀型態及顆粒大小，間接地影響到產物的生成，另外也有文獻指出，在培養基中添加水溶性多醣體，將可以增加產物的生成，因此本研究將針對培養基pH值以及在培養基中添加高黏度的水溶性多醣Xanthan gum對巴西蘑菇多醣體生產的影響來作探討。此外也將利用體外測試之動物細胞實驗，針對以不同條件發酵得到之巴西蘑菇多醣體進行生物活性的測定。
本研究分別進行搖瓶震盪培養以及攪拌式發酵槽培養。在搖瓶震盪培養的實驗結果方面，在起始pH值對巴西蘑菇發酵的影響，分別做起始pH=4、5、6、7、8五組，結果發現隨著起始pH值的上升，單位基質菌體的轉化率(YX/S)為降低的趨勢，以起始pH=4的YX/S=0.734最高。單位基質多醣的轉化率(YP/S)則隨著起始pH值的上升為增加的趨勢，以起始pH=8的YP/S=0.514為最高。即在低起始pH=4的時候，對菌體的生長較佳，而在高起始pH=8的時候，利於多醣體的生成。另外從分子量分布的結果發現，隨著起始pH值的上升，巴西蘑菇多醣體的平均分子量為減小的趨勢。
培養基中添加Xanthan gum的濃度對巴西蘑菇在搖瓶實驗之影響上，巴西蘑菇單位基質與單位菌體的多醣體轉化率(YP/S，YP/X)，以添加0.1% Xanthan gum對多醣體生成的效果最好，然而再提高Xanthan gum的濃度，其實驗結果便呈現下降的趨勢，其原因推測可能是因為搖瓶的實驗，本身氧氣的提供量即是不足的，再加上Xanthan gum為高黏度的多醣體，增加了培養基的黏稠度，更不利於氧氣被菌體所利用，而影響菌體的生長與多醣體的生成，不過，添加少量的Xanthan gum，適當的提高培養基的黏度，對巴西蘑菇多醣體的生成是有正面的幫助。
在添加0.1% Xanthan gum之不同起始pH值的搖瓶實驗中，對於巴西蘑菇單位基質之菌體與多醣轉化率(YX/S，YP/S)的影響上，以低起始pH=5的YX/S=0.721最高，高起始pH=8的YP/S=0.812為最高。而在平均分子量方面，以高起始pH=8的平均分子量最小，其他四組的平均分子量相差不大，以起始pH=6的較大。
同樣添加0.1% Xanthan gum之不同pH值(controlled)的發酵槽實驗中，以高pH=7最利於多醣生成，其多醣產量為3.65 g/L。低pH=5最利於菌體生長，其菌體產量為7.41 g/L。而高pH=7的多醣產率最高，為0.2028 g/L/day。平均分子量的比較上，以低pH=5發酵24天所得到的多醣體分子量最高。
在巴西蘑菇多醣體的生物活性測定上，首先從鼠科巨噬細胞RAW 264.7、J774A.1及人類巨噬細胞U-937、K-562四株細胞中，挑選出RAW 264.7最適合作為本研究生物活性測定的細胞株。搖瓶實驗中，不同起始pH值所發酵生產之巴西蘑菇多醣體，以低起始pH=4所生產的多醣其生物活性最高。而添加0.1% Xanthan gum之不同起始pH值的搖瓶實驗中，也是以低起始pH=4所得到的多醣其生物活性最高。最後發酵槽的實驗中，則是以低pH=5發酵24天所得到的多醣體其生物活性最高，由這些結果可以歸納出巴西蘑菇多醣體的生物活性與其分子量的大小是成正比的關係，分子量較大的多醣體，其生物活性也隨之較高。

According to the recent statistical report about the causes of death of the people in Taiwan from the Department of Health, cancer has been on the top of the list. According a recent report of National Science Foundation in Taiwan, the health food market in Taiwan is estimated to be 23 trillion NT per year. However, many health foods in the market are sold against the laws claimed to have certain healing effect toward certain illness without scientific evidence. As a result, many consumers become victims.
Agaricus blazei was found to be one of the best mushrooms in the regards of antitumor activety. Recently, many anti-tumor materials and bioactive compounds have been isolated from Agaricus blazei. The major breakthrough for medicinal mushroom production is usingsubmerged cultures to replace the conventional method, solid-state fermentation, which are faster growth rate, more polysaccharide production and no contamination by heavy metals.
The operational conditions of bioreactors are essential for the production of functional polysaccharides from mycelium fermentation of Agaricus blazei. Nevertheless, little effort has been focused on the process parameters on the bioactivity of polysaccharides.

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