高分子樹脂改質應用於負型光阻之製備及性質探討

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研究生：	黃新義 Hsin-Yi Huang
論文名稱：	高分子樹脂改質應用於負型光阻之製備及性質探討 Preparation and Characterization of Modified Binders Applied in Negative-type Photoresists
指導教授：	陳暉 Hui Chen
口試委員:
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工學院 - 化學工程與材料工程學系 Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
論文出版年：	2010
畢業學年度：	98
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	137
中文關鍵詞：	彈性回復力、間隔物、光阻劑、高分子樹脂
外文關鍵詞：	binder, photoresist, photo spacer, elastic recovery
相關次數：	點閱：21 下載：0
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本論文主要利用自由基聚合法製備一系列的高分子樹脂(polymer binder)，探討高分子樹脂的各項物理特性，包括分子量、酸價、玻璃轉化溫度(Tg)、熱重損失溫度(Td)與化學結構等，再將高分子樹脂與交聯劑加入負型光阻中，經過微影製程後，形成柱狀體的間隔物(photo spacer)，探討對於間隔物機械性質與圖形外觀的影響。
本論文包含三部份，第一部份主要為在固定使用高分子樹脂中，探討交聯劑或單體添加的效果。當添加7 wt.%聚二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯(dipentaerythritol hexa-acrylate, DPHA) 的交聯劑於光阻配方中，間隔物擁有優異的機械特性(彈性回復力=80.7%)。在混合型系統中，最適化的配方比例為交聯劑(DPHA)固定10 wt.%之外，另外再添加2 wt.%的甲基丙烯酸正丁酯(n-butyl methacrylate, BuMA)或甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯(benzyl methacrylate, BzMA)或壓克力二氧化矽單體(acrylic-silica monomer, Pro-1264)於負型光阻中，可增加間隔物的機械性質。
第二部份主要採用自由基聚合四成份高分子樹脂，單體包括甲基丙烯酸(methacrylic acid, MAA)、苯乙烯(styrene)、甲基丙烯酸異冰片酯(isobornyl methacrylate, IBMA)、苯基馬來醯亞胺(n-phenylmelaimide, PMI)，其中IBMA與PMI為具有環狀剛性結構的單體，結果顯示高分子樹脂的Tg與起始劑濃度、MAA單體比例等無明顯關聯，與剛性結構的單體(IBMA與PMI)比例組成有顯著的影響，PMI比例越高，高分子樹脂的Tg越高。高分子樹脂的Td與起始劑濃度、鏈轉移劑濃度、MAA單體比例等無明顯的關聯。另外，實驗發現當PMI比例提高時，熱重分析儀(thermal gravimetric analyzer)的圖形朝向較高溫度的區域移動。本實驗的高分子樹脂具備IBMA與PMI等剛性的結構，再加上含有多官能基的交聯劑(DPHA)，經過黃光微影製程後，曝光區產生高強度的互穿網結構，讓間隔物呈現出優異的機械特性(彈性回復力=81.1%)。
第三部份將高分子樹脂與丙基異氰酸酯單體(isocyanurate)進行縮合反應，獲得具備光與熱交聯性質的新型高分子樹脂。結果顯示此新型高分子樹脂的Tg與丙基異氰酸酯單體的比例無明顯關聯，主要還是與本身高分子樹脂結構中的剛性鏈段(IBMA與PMI)有關聯。具備光交聯性質的新型高分子樹脂，經過微影製程後，高分子樹脂本身以及與交聯劑形成互穿網結構，能夠提升間隔物的彈性回復力約3-8%，並使間隔物呈現較為陡直的圓柱狀圖形。

A series of monomers were polymerized by free-radical polymerization and used as polymer binders in negative-type photoresists. Cylindrical patterns were found to be formed when the photoresists were applied on a glass substrate using a lithographic process. The characteristics (molecular weight, acid value, glass transition temperature, and thermal decomposition temperature) of the polymer binders and the mechanical properties and profile of the pattern formed in a photo spacer are discussed here.
The study was divided into three parts. In the first part, the mechanical properties (elastic recovery = 80.7%) of the patterns obtained by adding 7 wt.% of dipentaerythritol hexa-acrylate (DPHA) to the photo spacers were investigated. In the binary system, the superior mechanical properties of patterns and the optimum compositions were obtained by using 2 wt.% of acrylic monomers (n-butyl methacrylate or benzyl methacrylate or Pro-1264) in the photoresists with a fixed DPHA content of 10 wt.%.
In the second part, a series of cyclic monomers were polymerized by free-radical polymerization. For this, four-component polymer binders consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA), styrene, isobornyl methacrylate (IBMA), and phenylmelaimide (PMI) were used. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer binders was found to increase with the PMI content because of the rigid characteristics of the molecular structure of PMI. However, Tg of the polymer binders was largely independent of the initiator and MAA concentration for the range of values tested in this study. The thermal gravimetric analyzer curve of the binders shifted toward higher temperatures when the PMI content was increased. The patterns exhibited excellent mechanical properties, presumably due to the rigid characteristics of the molecular structures of PMI and IBMA.
In the third part, diallyl monoglycidyl isocyanurate (DA-MGIC) was reacted with the obtained polymer binders to synthesize a novel polymer binder with photo- and thermal-curing properties. Tg of the polymer binders was found to be independent of the DA-MGIC concentration for the range of values tested in this study. The results showed that the patterns exhibited excellent mechanical properties and the taper angle of the patterns became steep because of to the photo-curing, thermal-curing, and interpenetration network characteristics of the novel polymer binder in the photo spacer.

摘要    i
ABSTRACT    iii
誌謝    v
目錄    vi
圖目錄    viii
表目錄    x
第一章 緒論    1
1-1前言    1
1-2研究目標與論文架構    2
1-3參考文獻    5
第二章 文獻回顧    7
2-1 TFT-LCD產業趨勢    7
2-2 TFT-LCD製程    10
2-3光阻劑      11
2-4間隔物      13
2-5高分子樹脂的應用文獻    15
第三章 交聯劑與添加壓克力單體對間隔物機械性質的影響    22
3-1前言    22
3-2實驗    24
3-2-1實驗藥品材料    24
3-2-2實驗儀器    25
3-2-3實驗方法    26
3-2-4性質測試    27
3-3結果與討論    29
3-3-1交聯劑含量對機械性質的影響    29
3-3-2壓克力單體對機械性質的影響    30
3-3-3壓克力單體對間隔物穿透度的影響    31
3-3-4壓克力單體對間隔物圖形的影響    32
3-4結論    44
3-5參考文獻    45
第四章 高分子樹脂之製備及機械性質的研究    48
4-1前言    48
4-2實驗    49
4-2-1實驗藥品材料    49
4-2-2實驗儀器    50
4-2-3實驗方法    51
4-2-4性質測試    53
4-3結果與討論    55
4-3-1高分子樹脂的物理特性    55
4-3-2高分子樹脂對機械性質的影響    61
4-3-3具備酸價之交聯劑對機械性質的影響    62
4-3-4高分子樹脂對間隔物圖形的影響    62
4-4結論    82
4-5參考文獻    83
第五章 具光交聯性質的高分子樹脂製備及機械性質的研究    85
5-1前言    85
5-2實驗    86
5-2-1實驗藥品材料    86
5-2-2實驗儀器    87
5-2-3實驗方法    88
5-2-4性質測試    90
5-3結果與討論    92
5-3-1新型高分子樹脂的物理特性    92
5-3-2新型高分子樹脂對機械性質的影響    97
5-3-3新型高分子樹脂對間隔物圖形的影響    98
5-4結論    116
5-5參考文獻    118
第六章 總結    120
發表文獻    123
Figure 2-1 Trends of FPD production value in the world.    8
Figure 2-2 Trends of FPD production value in Taiwan.    8
Figure 2-3 TFT-LCD size in different generations.    9
Figure 2-4 The TFT-LCD construction.    11
Figure 2-5 Positive and negative photoresist.    13
Figure 2-6 Conventional and new structure of spacer.    14
Figure 3-1 The material concept of the photo spacer and the formed inter-penetration network matrix.    35
Figure 3-2 The DUMH indenter.    36
Figure 3-3 The elastic recovery graph.    36
Figure 3-4 The compression graph.    37
Figure 3-5 Effect of the content of the DPHA monomer on elastic recovery.    38
Figure 3-6 Effect of the content of the acrylic monomer on elastic recovery.    39
Figure 3-7 Effect of the content of the acrylic monomer on compression.    40
Figure 3-8 Effect of the content of the acrylic monomer on surface hardness.    41
Figure 3-9 Effect of the content of the acrylic monomer on transmittance of pattern.    42
Figure 3-10 The SEM diagrams of the photo spacers (a)DPHA-100 (b)BuMA-30 (c)BzMA-30 (d)Pro1264-30.    43
Figure 4-1 Preparation of polymer binder, poly(MAA-STY-IBMA-PMI) by free radical polymerization.    67
Figure 4-2 The material concept of photo spacer and the formed inter-penetration network matrix.    68
Figure 4-3 DSC thermograms of polymer binders of group I containing various molar ratio of IBMA to PMI.    69
Figure 4-4 Effect of molar ratio of PMI to IBMA of polymer binder on Tg.    70
Figure 4-5 Effect of molar ratio of initiator (AIBN) of polymer binder on Tg.    71
Figure 4-6 Effect of molar ratio of chain transfer agent (DT) of polymer binder on Tg.    72
Figure 4-7 Effect of molar ratio of MAA of polymer binder on Tg.    73
Figure 4-8 DSC thermograms of polymer binders of group IV containing various molar ratio of MAA, and the group V containing various monomer of TMA.    74
Figure 4-9 TGA thermograms of polymer binders of group I containing various molar ratio of IBMA to PMI.    75
Figure 4-10 TGA thermograms of polymer binders of group V containing various monomer of TMA.    76
Figure 4-11 FTIR spectra of poly(MAA-STY-IBMA-PMI) binder.    77
Figure 4-12 FTIR spectra of monomer.    78
Figure 4-13 FTIR spectra of poly(MAA-STY-TMA-PMI) binder.    79
Figure 4-14 SEM diagrams of photo spacer of Run No.A1-A4 and No.B1-B4.    80
Figure 4-15 SEM diagrams of photo spacer of Run No.A4-A6 and No.B4-B6.    81
Figure 5-1 Preparation of polymer binder B with MA-DGIC monomer.    103
Figure 5-2 Preparation of polymer binder C with MA-DGIC monomer.    104
Figure 5-3 DSC thermograms of polymer binder C containing various molar ratio of isocyanurate monomer.    105
Figure 5-4 TGA thermograms of polymer binder B containing various molar ratio of isocyanurate monomer.    106
Figure 5-5 Effect of the molar ratio of isocyanurate to MAA monomer of binders on acid value.    107
Figure 5-6 FTIR spectra of olefinic C-H stretch.    108
Figure 5-7 FTIR spectra of DA-MGIC and MA-DGIC monomer.    109
Figure 5-8 FTIR spectra of binder B-MGIC(0.4).    110
Figure 5-9 1H-NMR spectra of Binder B-MGIC(0.4).    111
Figure 5-10 Effect of the molar ratio of isocyanurate to MAA monomer of binders on elastic recovery.    112
Figure 5-11 Effect of the molar ratio of isocyanurate to MAA monomer of binders on compression.    113
Figure 5-12 SEM diagrams of photo spacer of Run No. C0 to C3 and D0 to D3.    114
Figure 5-13 SEM diagrams of photo spacer of Run No. C4 to C6 and D4 to D6.    115
Table 2-1 Global plants of the next generation (>8G).    10
Table 3-1 The composition of the negative-type photoresists.    33
Table 3-2 Mechanical properties of photo spacer.    34
Table 4-1 Compositions of polymer binder.    64
Table 4-2 Properties of polymer binder.    65
Table 4-3 Mechanical properties of photo spacer.    66
Table 5-1 Compositions of polymer binder.    100
Table 5-2 Properties of polymer binder.    101
Table 5-3 Mechanical properties of photo spacer.    102

                                

第二章
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第三章
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第四章
[1] A. Kumano, “Material Design for Application to High Performance LCDs”, Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 14, 23-28, (2001).
[2] R. W. Sabnis, “Color Filter Technology for Liquid Crystal Displays”, Displays, 20, 119-129, (1999).
[3] C. R. E. Mansur, R. M. I. B. Tavares, and E. E. C. Monteiro, “Thermal Analysis and NMR Studies of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA)-Methacrylic Acid Copolymers Synthesized by an Unusual Polymerization of MMA”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 75, 495-507, (2000).
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第五章
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