多軸向椎弓根螺釘於不同設計參數下之生物力學影響

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研究生：	江富萱 Fu-Xuan Jiang
論文名稱：	多軸向椎弓根螺釘於不同設計參數下之生物力學影響
指導教授：	黃俊仁
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	84
中文關鍵詞：	多軸向椎弓根螺釘、有限元素法、勁度
相關次數：	點閱：9 下載：0
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　　脊椎手術主要可分為骨融合術和非骨融合術，而無論是何種方式，均必須利用椎弓根螺釘提高脊椎穩定度。而椎弓根螺釘可分為單軸向和多軸向兩種，多軸向椎弓根螺釘因為其螺釘頭部的角度可以自由改變，有效改善單軸向椎弓根螺釘在安裝上時的困難，但其球結構可能會產生滑脫的缺點，也成為多數人疑慮的一項議題。
　　本文分為兩大部分，第一部分利用軟體SolidWorks根據規範ASTM F1798建立出多軸向椎弓根螺釘模型，匯入軟體ANSYS進行有限元素分析，接著利用相同方法進行實驗，驗證有限元素分析之正確性。第二部分同樣利用軟體SolidWorks根據規範ASTM F1717建立出多軸向椎弓根螺釘穩定系統當作基準模型，並根據臨床應用上可能會產生的參數，繪製出四種不同參數模型，分別為不同螺釘外徑、不同螺釘鎖入深度、不同椎骨間角度、不同螺釘與螺帽間角度，並將不同參數模型均匯入軟體ANSYS，模擬前彎、後仰、側彎、扭轉四種不同運動方式之生物力學行為。
　　結果發現多軸向螺釘之勁度和施加於螺帽上的扭矩無關，而能承受的最大負載和施加的扭矩成正比。另外，不同螺釘外徑、不同螺釘鎖入深度、不同椎骨間角度均會改變模型的勁度，而不同螺釘與螺帽間角度對勁度無造成明顯改變。

　　The spinal surgery can be distinguished to fusion surgery and non-fusion surgery. Both of them will need pedicle screws to improve spinal stability no matter which surgery is performed. There are two different types of pedicle screws, monoaxial and polyaxial screws. Because the head of polyaxial pedicle screw can freely change its angle, it effectively reduces the difficulty when assembling the monoaxial pedicle screw. However, there are concerns about the polyaxial pedicle screw because the structure of ball-in-cup may cause slippage.
　　There are two parts in this study. First, the software SolidWorks and ANSYS were adopted to establish and analyze the standard ASTM F1798’s model. Experiments were performed to verify the correctness of the present finite element analysis. Second, a stabilization system was established to be a reference model by following the standard ASTM F1717. In addition, four different models were established based on the possible parameters in the clinical application, which were screw outer diameter, screw insertion depth, vertebrae angle, and angle between screw and nut. These models were imported to the software ANSYS to simulate the biomechanical behaviors in compression, flexion, lateral bending and torsion.
　　The results showed that the stiffness of polyaxial pedicle screw was independent of the torque which was applied to the nut. The maximum load that polyaxial pedicle screw can afford was proportional to the torque which was applied to the nut. The stiffness of models were affected by different screw outer diameter, screw insertion depth and vertebrae angle. However, different angles between screw and nut did not significantly affect the stiffness of models.

第一章　緒論    1
1-1　研究背景與動機    1
1-2　研究目的    1
1-3　脊椎構造簡介    2
1-3-1椎骨    3
1-3-2椎間盤    4
1-3-3韌帶    5
1-4　脊椎疾病介紹    6
1-4-1椎間盤退化(Degenerative Disc)    6
1-4-2椎間盤突出(Herniated Intervertebral Disc)    7
1-4-3椎管狹窄症(Spinal Canal Stenosis)    8
1-4-4骨質疏鬆症(Osteoporosis)    9
1-4-5腰椎滑脫症(Spondylolisthesis)    10
1-5　脊椎手術發展    11
1-5-1傳統手術    11
1-5-2微創手術(Minimally Invasive Surgery)    12
1-5-3骨融合術    13
1-5-4非骨融合術    13
1-5-5椎弓根螺釘    15
1-6　椎弓根螺釘相關之生物醫學規範    17
1-6-1　規範ASTM F1798    17
1-6-2　規範ASTM F1717    18
1-7　有限元素法(Finite Element Method，FEM)    19
1-7-1收斂性分析    19
1-8　本文架構    20
第二章　文獻回顧    21
2-1　椎弓根螺釘之材料特性    21
2-2　椎弓根螺釘之臨床應用    21
2-3　單點側向力模型實驗    22
2-4　脊椎體外生物力學實驗    23
2-5　規範ASTM F1717模型實驗    23
2-6　有限元素分析值入椎弓根螺釘之脊椎模型    24
第三章　研究方法    25
3-1　有限元素分析多軸向螺釘負載單點側向力    26
3-1-1建立模型    27
3-1-2材料性質設定    27
3-1-3接觸條件設定    27
3-1-4元素設定    29
3-1-5設定邊界條件    29
3-1-6結果指標選用    32
3-2　多軸向螺釘負載單點側向力實驗    32
3-2-1多軸向螺釘與仿骨之結合    32
3-2-2治具架設及實驗方法    33
3-3　以有限元素進行不同參數模型之分析    34
3-3-1建立基準模型    34
3-3-2建立不同參數模型    36
3-3-3材料性質、接觸條件和元素設定    40
3-3-4邊界條件設定    40
3-3-5 結果指標選用    41
第四章　結果與討論    42
4-1　多軸向螺釘負載單點側向力    42
4-1-1 有限元素分析之收斂性    42
4-1-2 有限元素分析和實驗結果比較    44
4-1-3 有限元素分析施加不同扭矩於螺帽上產生的影響    45
4-2　不同參數模型之四種運動模式分析    46
4-2-1 有限元素分析之收斂性    46
4-3　不同參數模型之生物力學影響    51
4-3-1 不同螺釘外徑    51
4-3-2 不同螺釘鎖入深度    54
4-3-3 不同椎骨間角度    57
4-3-4 不同螺釘與螺帽間角度    60
4-4　多軸向螺釘在不同運動模式下之滑脫行為    63
第五章　結論與未來研究方向    65
5-1　結論    65
5-2　未來研究方向    65
參考文獻    66

                                

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