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研究生： 劉明忠
Liu Ming-Tsung
論文名稱： Al2O3顆粒強化6061鋁基複合材料之高溫拉伸與室溫磨耗性質研究
High Temperature Tension And Room Temperature Wear Characteristics Of Al2O3 Particle Reinforced 6061 Aluminum Matrix Composite
指導教授： 李雄
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
畢業學年度： 98
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 107
中文關鍵詞： 磨耗性質 、高溫拉伸 、鋁基複合材料
外文關鍵詞： Aluminum Matrix Composite, High Temperature Tension, Wear Characteristics
相關次數： 點閱：10  下載：0 
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    • 本論文探討Al2O3顆粒強化6061鋁基複合材料之高溫拉伸與室溫磨耗性質研究。 選取鋁合金6XXX系中6061鋁基複合材料添加10%Al2O3、15%Al2O3、20%Al2O3三種不同Al2O3含量為研究對象，經由冷軋延或熱軋延後，將部份材料做T6處理，以改善機械性質與耐磨耗性質。 並期望能提升6XXX系鋁合金之材料強度、耐磨耗性，並增加其應用的廣泛性。
    實驗結果顯示： 經冷、熱軋延後的材料，其硬度會明顯提升。 再經T6處理後，硬度的提升更較於軋延後要高上許多。 高溫抗拉強度方面，經T6處理後的複合材料，其抗拉強度明顯高於未經T6處理的複合材料。 其高溫抗拉強度最高的為熱軋延80%,20%Al2O3/T6之複材，達330MPa；高溫抗拉強度最低為熱軋延80%,10%Al2O3之複材，值為185MPa。
    耐磨耗性質方面，經T6處理後的複材，其耐磨耗性質明顯優於未經T6處理的複材。 未經T6處理的複材，其耐磨耗性質還差於6061-T6的耐磨耗性質。 而以磨耗頻率來看，30Hz下的試驗結果優於20Hz下所做的試驗。 實驗結果顯示，耐磨耗性最佳的為冷軋延80%,20%Al2O3/T6(30Hz)，其磨耗速率為1.396 mm3/Nm；耐磨耗性最差為冷軋延80%, 10%Al2O3 (20Hz)，其磨耗速率為3.716 mm3/Nm。

    The article discusses the behaviors of Al2O3 particle reinforced 6061 aluminum matrix composite under high temperature tension and its wear resistance in room temperature. We choose 6061 aluminum composite with three different Al2O3 contents, 10%, 15% and 20%, respectively as the material of interest. We wish to improve the composite’s mechanical properties and wear resistance via cold rolling, hot rolling, and T6 heat treatment. We hope to extend the range of applications by increasing the 6XXX series aluminum alloy’s material strength and its wear resistance.
    Experimental results indicate that the material’s hardness increases after cold and hot rolling. The hardness rises even more after T6 heat treatment compared with rolling. In high temperature tension tests, the ultimate tensile strengths of specimens with T6 treatments were obviously higher than those without T6 treatment. The composite with 80% hot rolling, 10%Al2O3 with T6 treatment has the maximum tensile strength of 330MPa and the specimen with 80% hot rolling, 10%Al2O3 has the minimum tensile strength of 185MPa.
    In wear resistances, the wear resistances of the composites with T6 treatments are superior to the ones without treatment. The wear resistance of the specimens without T6 treatment is even weaker than that of the 6061-T6 bulk alloy. With respect to the wear frequency, the test results are better when the frequency is 30Hz than when it is 20Hz. Results show that the best wear resistance condition is under cold rolling 80%, 20%Al2O3/T6 (30Hz) which wear rate is 1.396 mm3/Nm. On the other hand, the worst wear resistance condition is under cold rolling 80%, 10%Al2O3 (20Hz) which the wear rate is 3.716 mm3/Nm.

    總目錄 摘要 總目錄…………………………………………………………I 表目錄…………………………………………………………IV 圖目錄…………………………………………………………V 第一章 緒論..........1 第二章 文獻回顧..........3 2.1 複合材料簡介..........3 2.2 鋁基複合材料..........4 2.3 Al2O3對鋁合金的影響..........5 2.4 6061鋁合金..........5 2.5 時效硬化..........5 2.5.1 時效硬化流程..........5 2.5.2 析出硬化機構..........8 2.6 鋁合金之晶粒細化..........11 2.7 金屬材料再結晶理論..........12 2.7.1 冷作加工儲存能..........12 2.7.2 儲存能的釋出及再結晶驅動力..........12 2.7.3 再結晶晶粒尺寸..........13 2.8 磨耗介紹..........14 2.8.1磨耗表面型態介紹..........14 2.8.2摩擦介紹..........17 第三章 實驗材料與方法..........24 3.1 實驗材料..........24 3.2 實驗方法..........25 3.2.1 冷、熱軋延工作..........25 3.2.2 T6處理..........25 3.2.3 金相顯微組織觀察..........26 3.2.4 硬度試驗..........26 3.2.5 拉伸試驗..........27 3.2.6 磨耗試驗..........27 3.3 實驗流程圖..........29 第四章 結果與討論..........34 4.1 光學顯微鏡組織..........34 4.1.1 擠製後金相組織..........34 4.1.2 冷軋延後金相組織觀察..........35 4.2 SEM顯微組織分析..........36 4.3 硬度分析..........37 4.4 高溫抗拉強度分析..........39 4.5 破斷面SEM圖分析..........40 4.6 磨耗速率分析..........42 4.6.1 硬度之影響..........42 4.6.2 氧化鋁顆粒含量之影響..........43 4.6.3 結合強度之影響..........44 4.6.4 磨耗頻率之影響..........44 4.7 磨耗後鋼球重量與摩擦係數分析..........46 4.8 磨耗表面狀態分析..........49 第五章 結論..........101 第六章 參考文獻……………………………………………… 104 表目錄 表3.1 6061-T6與鋁基複合材料化學成分………………………………...30 表3.2 鋼球(AISI 52100)化學成分…………………………………………...30 表4.1 不同材質之機械性質比較表………………………………………....63 表4.2 T6處理後之硬度表……………………………………………….…..63 表4.3 未T6處理後之硬度表…………………………………………….……64 表4.4 6061 /Al2O3擠製材之硬度表………………………………………....64 表4.5 6061-T6之硬度表…………………………………………………..…64 表4.6 6061-T6與MMC之奈米硬度比較…………………………………....64 表4.7 200℃下的抗拉強度……………………………………………….....66 表4.8 200℃下的延伸率..................................................................................66 表4.9 頻率20Hz之磨耗速率表…………………………………………..…86 表4.10 頻率30Hz之磨耗速率表…………………………………………....87 表4.11 磨耗後鋼球重量 (頻率20Hz)………………………………………89 表4.12 磨耗後鋼球重量 (頻率30Hz)………………………………………90 表4.13 頻率30 Hz下的摩擦係數表………………………………………...93 圖目錄 圖2.1 GP zone 所造成基地晶格扭曲之示意圖.............................................19 圖2.2 三種不同的熱處理型合金之自然時效曲線…………………………19 圖2.3 析出相與基地介面關係圖……………………………………………19 圖2.4 差排剪切滑移通過微細顆粒示意圖…………………………………20 圖2.5 差排通過含有析出粒子的Orowan機制…………………………….20 圖2.6 Al-4%Cu合金在130、190℃時效，其硬度與時效時間關係………20 圖2.7 多邊形化過程中刃差排的重排………………………………………21 圖2.8 黏著磨耗……………………………………………………………..21 圖2.9 黏著部弱材料被剪斷………………………………………………..21 圖2.10 刺傷與刮除磨耗……………………………………………………22 圖2.11表面疲勞磨耗……………………………………………………...…22 圖2.12 腐蝕膜被剝離的情形………………………………………………22 圖2.13 黏著作用示意圖……………………………………………………23 圖2.14 磨削形成的連續程序………………………………………………23 圖2.15 摩擦係數隨磨耗距離變化的六個階段……………………………23 圖3.1 冷軋60%................................................................................................31 圖3.2 冷軋80%..............................................................................................31 圖3.3 金相鑲埋試片示意圖…………………………………………………31 圖3.4 ASTM-B557M試片標準規範………………………………………32 圖3.5 SRV構造簡圖磨耗試驗機……………………………………………32 圖3.6 SRV磨耗試驗機………………………………………………………33 圖3.7 試片夾具………………………………………………………………33 圖4.1 10%Al2O3, (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)……………………………………51 圖4.2 15%Al2O3, (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)……………………………………52 圖4.3 20%Al2O3, (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)…………………………………....53 圖4.4 10%Al2O3, 滾軋量80% (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)……………...…54 圖4.5 15%Al2O3, 滾軋量80% (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)………………….55 圖4.6 20%Al2O3, 滾軋量80% (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)……………….…56 圖4.7 10%Al2O3, 滾軋量60% (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)………………….57 圖4.8 15%Al2O3, 滾軋量60% (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)………………….58 圖4.9 20%Al2O3, 滾軋量60% (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)……………….…59 圖4.10 10%Al2O3 原材 SEM (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)…………………60 圖4.11 15%Al2O3 原材 SEM (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)……………………61 圖4.12 20%Al2O3 原材 SEM (上圖縱向；下圖橫向)……………………62 圖4.13 圖4.21 200℃下的抗拉強度………………………………………...65 圖4.14 200℃下的延伸率…………………………………………………...65 圖4.15 熱軋延80%, 10%Al2O3 (500倍)……………………………….…67 圖4.16熱軋延80%, 10%Al2O3 (1000倍)……………………………………67 圖4.17 熱軋延80%, 15%Al2O3 (500倍)……………………………….…68 圖4.18 熱軋延80%, 15%Al2O3 (1000倍)………………………………...68 圖4.19 熱軋延80%, 20%Al2O3 (500倍)……………………………….…69 圖4.20 熱軋延80%, 20%Al2O3 (1000倍)………………………………...69 圖4.21 熱軋延80% / T6, 10%Al2O3 (500倍)……………………………..70 圖4.22 熱軋延80% / T6, 10%Al2O3 (1000倍)……………………………70 圖4.23 熱軋延80% / T6, 15%Al2O3 (500倍)……………………………..71 圖4.24 熱軋延80% / T6, 15%Al2O3 (1000倍)……………………………71 圖4.25 熱軋延80% / T6, 20%Al2O3 (500倍)……………………………..72 圖4.26 熱軋延80% / T6, 20%Al2O3 (1000倍)……………………………72 圖4.27 冷軋延80%, 10%Al2O3 (500倍)………………………………….73 圖4.28 冷軋延80%, 10%Al2O3 (1000倍)………………………………...73 圖4.29 冷軋延80%, 15%Al2O3 (500倍)……………………………….…74 圖4.30 冷軋延80%, 15%Al2O3 (1000倍)………………………………...74 圖4.31 冷軋延80%, 20%Al2O3 (500倍)……………………………….…75 圖4.32 冷軋延80%, 20%Al2O3 (1000倍)………………………………...75 圖4.33 冷軋延80% / T6, 10%Al2O3 (500倍)…………………………….76 圖4.34 冷軋延80% / T6, 10%Al2O3 (1000倍)…………………………...76 圖4.35 冷軋延80% / T6, 15%Al2O3 (500倍)………………………….….77 圖4.36 冷軋延80% / T6, 15%Al2O3 (1000倍)…………………………....77 圖4.37 冷軋延80% / T6, 20%Al2O3 (500倍)…………………………..…78 圖4.38 冷軋延80% / T6, 20%Al2O3 (1000倍)…………………………....78 圖4.39 冷軋延60%, 10%Al2O3 (500倍)………………………………….79 圖4.40 冷軋延60%, 10%Al2O3 (1000倍)………………………………...79 圖4.41 冷軋延60%, 15%Al2O3 (500倍)………………………………….80 圖4.42 冷軋延60%, 15%Al2O3 (1000倍)……………………………...…80 圖4.43 冷軋延60%, 20%Al2O3 (500倍)………………………………….81 圖4.44 冷軋延60%, 20%Al2O3 (1000倍)……………………………...…81 圖4.45 冷軋延60% / T6, 10%Al2O3 (500倍)…………………………….82 圖4.46 冷軋延60% / T6, 10%Al2O3 (1000倍)………………………...…82 圖4.47 冷軋延60% / T6, 15%Al2O3 (500倍)………………………….…83 圖4.48 冷軋延60% / T6, 15%Al2O3 (1000倍)…………………………...83 圖4.49 冷軋延60% / T6, 20%Al2O3 (500倍)…………………………….84 圖4.50 冷軋延60% / T6, 20%Al2O3 (1000倍)………………………...…84 圖4.51 頻率20Hz之磨耗速率圖…………………………………………...85 圖4.52 頻率30Hz之磨耗速率圖…………………………………………...85 圖4.53 磨耗後鋼球重量 (頻率20Hz)………………………………….…88 圖4.54 磨耗後鋼球重量 (頻率30Hz)………………………………….….88 圖4.55 冷軋量60% / T6與6061/ T6在30 Hz下的摩擦係數圖………....91 圖4.56 冷軋量80% / T6與6061/ T6在30 Hz下的摩擦係數圖………....91 圖4.57 冷軋量60% / T6在30 Hz下的摩擦係數圖…………………….….92 圖4.58 冷軋量80% / T6在30 Hz下的摩擦係數圖……………………....92 圖4.59 熱軋延80%, 10%Al2O3 (20Hz, 500倍)………………………….….94 圖4.60 熱軋延80%, 15%Al2O3 (20Hz, 500倍) …………………………….94 圖4.61 熱軋延80%, 20%Al2O3 (20Hz, 500倍) …………………………….94 圖4.62 熱軋延80% / T6, 10%Al2O3(20Hz, 500倍) …………………….….94 圖4.63 熱軋延80% / T6, 15%Al2O3(20Hz, 500倍) ………………………..94 圖4.64 熱軋延80% / T6, 20%Al2O3 (20Hz, 500倍) ……………………….94 圖4.65 冷軋延80%, 10%Al2O3(20Hz, 500倍)……………………………..95 圖4.66 冷軋延80%, 15%Al2O3 (20Hz, 500倍) ……………………………95 圖4.67 冷軋延80%, 20%Al2O3(20Hz, 500倍) ………………….…………95 圖4.68 冷軋延80% / T6, 10%Al2O3 (20Hz, 500倍) …………………….....95 圖4.69 冷軋延80% / T6, 15%Al2O3(20Hz, 500倍) …………….………….95 圖4.70 冷軋延80% / T6, 20%Al2O3 (20Hz, 500倍) …………………….…95 圖4.71 冷軋延60%, 10%Al2O3(20Hz, 500倍) …………………………….96 圖4.72 冷軋延60%, 15%Al2O3(20Hz, 500倍)……………………………..96 圖4.73 冷軋延60%, 20%Al2O3(20Hz, 500倍)……………………...............96 圖4.74 冷軋延60% / T6, 10%Al2O3(20Hz, 500倍)………………………....96 圖4.75 冷軋延60% / T6, 15%Al2O3(20Hz, 500倍)………………................96 圖4.76 冷軋延60% / T6, 20%Al2O3(20Hz, 500倍)……………...………….96 圖4.77 6061 / T6 (20Hz, 500倍)…………………………………………....97 圖4.78 熱軋延80%, 10%Al2O3 (30Hz, 500倍) ………………………….....97 圖4.79 熱軋延80%, 15%Al2O3 (30Hz, 500倍) ………………………….....97 圖4.80 熱軋延80%, 20%Al2O3 (30Hz, 500倍) …………………………..97 圖4.81 熱軋延80% / T6, 10%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍) …………………...…...97 圖4.82 熱軋延80% / T6, 15%Al2O3 (30Hz, 500倍) ……………………….97 圖4.83 熱軋延80% / T6, 20%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍) ………………………..98 圖4.84 冷軋延80%, 10%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍)……………………………...98 圖4.85 冷軋延80%, 15%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍) ……………………………..98 圖4.86 冷軋延80%, 20%Al2O3 (30Hz, 500倍) ………………………98 圖4.87 冷軋延80% / T6, 10%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍) ………………………98 圖4.88 冷軋延80% / T6, 15%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍) ………………………98 圖4.89 冷軋延80% / T6, 20%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍)………………...............99 圖4.90 冷軋延60%, 10%Al2O3 (30Hz, 500倍) ……………………………99 圖4.91 冷軋延60%, 15%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍) ……………………………99 圖4.92 冷軋延60%, 20%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍) ……………………………99 圖4.93 冷軋延60% / T6, 10%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍) ……………………99 圖4.94 冷軋延60% / T6, 15%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍) ……………………99 圖4.95 冷軋延60% / T6, 20%Al2O3(30Hz, 500倍)………………100 圖4.96 6061 / T6(30Hz, 500倍)…………………………………100

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