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研究生： 李健瑞
Robert Li
論文名稱： 以資料包絡分析法比較二十個國家科技
Data Envelopment Analysis Approach for Evaluatingthe National Technology Competitiveness ComparingTwenty Countries
指導教授： 王弓
Kung Wang
薛琦
Chi Shiue
曾國雄
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 管理學院 - 產業經濟研究所
Graduate Institute of Industrial Economics
畢業學年度： 91
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 77
中文關鍵詞： 科技發展策略 、國家創新系統 、創新政策 、資料包絡分析 、競爭力
外文關鍵詞： S&T policy, Data, Innovation Policy, National Innovation Systems
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    • 在知識經濟時代，科技創新競爭力，將是國家經濟發展最重要的成功關鍵因
    素之一。而科技發展策略的擬定與執行，前後有相當程度的時間落差，且對未來
    影響深遠，在瞬息萬變的市場競爭下，由於無法認知環境變遷要素為動態之變動
    狀態，使科技發展策略之決策與動態環境變動狀態間出現時間落差，或難以預
    測，導致原科技發展策略無法適時對應、效能降低。因此，本研究之目的，為分
    析20 個主要先進國家跨期科技相對效率之比較，以了解它們各國科技政策與績
    效。首先，採用瑞士洛桑國際管理學院(International Institute for Management
    Development of Lausanne, Swiss, 簡稱IMD)所提出的指標，作為本研究考量的基
    準，再以最適合的資料包絡分析(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA )模式，建構科
    技發展策略投入產出效率之分析模型，並針對台灣科技發展策略執行效率加以分
    析;其結果，以此作為政府資源運用與政策研擬之參考。

    Decision making and practice of S&T policy are crucially for both government
    and private sectors, but they usually suffer from high volatility in dynamic
    environment of international competition. The first objective of this research is to
    propose the Data Enve lopment Analysis model for efficiency measuring of Taiwan
    S&T policy.
    The second objective of this research is to develop an empirically based framework for
    formulating and selecting Innovation Policy. The government is usually facing complex
    decision scenarios. Traditional decision making methods are failed to satisfy the government’s
    need in this regard. Thus, a hierarchy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method for
    evaluating the Innovation Policy is proposed in this study. Finally, in order to show the
    practicality and usefulness of this model, an empirical study of national innovation systems
    are demonstrated.

    第一章緒論… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 1.1 研究背景與動機… … … … … … … … … … … .… … 1 1.2 研究問題及目的… … … … … … … … .… … … … … 3 1.3 理論架構與研究方法… … … … … … … .… … … .... 4 1.4 研究內容… … … … … … … … … … … … … .… … 5 第二章國家科技政策之關鍵要因及其評估… … … .… … … ….6 2.1 國家競爭力介紹… … … … … … … … … … .… … … 6 2.2 國家科技競爭力之關鍵要因… … … … … … … … .… 11 2.2.1 國家創新系統… … … … … … … … … … .… … 11 2.2.2 創新政策… … … … … … … … … … … … … 13 第三章DEA 評估模式之構建… … … … … … … … … .… …14 3.1 理論緣起… … … … … … … … … … … … … … 16 3.2 基本概念… … … … … … … … … … … … … … ...18 3.3 使用程序… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 19 3.4 模式發展… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 21 3.5 CCR 模式… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 23 3.6 跨期效率分析MALMQUIST 指標分析… … … … … 27 第四章實證分析:以二十個主要國家科技政策為例… … .… .… 30 4.1 國際競爭環境的轉變… … … … … … … … … … … 30 4.2 評估資料之蒐集與說明… … … … … … .… .… … .… 31 4.3 DEA 評估模式之應用與結果分析… … ..… ..… .… 38 第五章提昇台灣科技競爭效率之因應對策… … … … … … 51 5.1 當今的課題與挑戰… … … … … … … … … … … .… 51 5.1.1 全球競賽的挑戰… … … … … … … … ...… ...… 51 5.1.2 大陸磁吸效應的衝擊… … … … … … ..… … … … 51 5.1.3 沉重的歷史包袱亟待改革… … … … … ..… … … .…52 5.2 綠色矽島之路… … ..… … … … … … … … … … … 52 5.3 結論與討論建議… … … … … ...… … … … … … 53 參考文獻… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 56 附錄… … … … … … … ...… … … … … … … … ..… 63 圖目錄 頁次 圖1 國家創新系統之構面… … … … … … … … … .… … 13 圖2 技術效率與價格效率圖… … … … … … ..… … .… ...18 圖3 DEA 與迴歸分析的比較圖… … … … … … .… … … … 19 圖4 DEA 理論的使用程序圖… … … … … … … .… … … 20 圖5 依規模報酬與導向區分的DEA 模式圖… … .… … … … . 21 圖6 Malmquist Productivity Index… … … … … … ....… 28 圖7 1994 年至2002 年的跨期DEA 圖表… … … … .… … ..…50 表目錄 頁次 表1 政府創新政策工具分類… … … … … … … … … .… …15 表2 DEA理論之主要文獻… … … … … … … … … … … … 22 表3 投入產出項… … … … … … … … … … … … … … 33 表4 1994 年分析的資料… … … … … … … … … … … … 34 表5 1994 年資料的統計量… … … … … … … … … … … .35 表6 2002 年的分析資料… … … … … … … … … … … … 36 表7 2002 年資料的統計量… … … … … … … … … … … 37 表8 1994年和2002 年相對效率值的比較… … … … … … … 39 表9 相同投入項不同產出項的效率分析(1994)… … … … … 40 表10 相同投入項不同產出項的效率分析(2002)… … … … ..…41 表11 二十個主要國家相對競爭效率值(2000 年)… … … ....…40 表12 二十個主要國家相對競爭效率值(1994 年)… ..… … … .43 表13 偏差值表列(1994 年)… … ..… … … … … … … ..…45 表14 偏差值表列(2002 年)… … … … … … … … … … … 46 表15 1994 年至2002 年的跨期DEA MALMQUIST 指標圖..… ..49

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