跳到主要內容

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 郝世偉
Shih-Wei Hao
論文名稱： 蔗糖水熱碳化法及後續活化製備活性碳以及活性碳對空氣過濾的應用
Activated carbon derived from hydrothermal treatment of sucrose and its air filtration application
指導教授： 張博凱
Bor-Kae Chang
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 化學工程與材料工程學系
Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
論文出版年： 2016
畢業學年度： 104
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 93
中文關鍵詞： 蔗糖 、水熱碳化法 、活性碳 、高比表面積 、空氣過濾 、生物可分解
外文關鍵詞： sucrose, hydrothermal carbonization, activated carbon, high surface area, air filtration, biodegradable
相關次數： 點閱：12  下載：0 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 本研究利用蔗糖水熱碳化法 (hydrothermal carbonization, HTC)以及後續活化製備活性碳，並且將活性碳應用於空氣過濾用途以製備生物可分解濾材。本研究利用不同水熱合成參數製備水熱產物 (hydrochar)，參數調整如：反應時間、反應溫度、蔗糖濃度、溶液pH值以及氮摻雜。活化部分則是利用氫氧化鉀在800°C的高溫與水熱產物劇烈反應產生活性碳。
    水熱產物以及活性碳的表面形貌可藉由掃描式電子顯微鏡 (scanning electron microscopy, SEM)進行分析。氣相層析質譜儀 (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)則能夠探討溶液pH值對於水熱產物反應的影響。經由傅里葉轉換紅外光譜 (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)可成功比對活化前後吸收峰的差異，以確定樣品確實從碳球轉變為活性碳。元素分析儀 (CHNS/O elemental analyzer)的分析結果可以證明氮元素成功摻雜進入水熱產物以及活性碳。氮氣吸附孔隙儀 (BET surface area measurement)量測的結果能夠提供樣品活化程度的影響並且證明活性碳材料的吸附性能，其中合成樣品的最高比表面積結果高達3026 m2/g。
    基於能夠具備空氣過濾性能並且必須符合生物可分解的條件，我們使用活性碳以及紙漿為原料，以傳統抄紙方式製備空氣過濾紙，其中活性碳作為過濾材的吸附劑而紙漿作為基材。最終以TSI 8130標準測試方法量測空氣過濾紙的過濾效能，量測的結果證明其過濾效能已達到量產商業化濾網產品的1/4。

    In this work, activated carbon was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of sucrose and its further activation process. An air filtration application was performed using activated carbon as biodegradable materials. Different parameters that produced hydrochar was investigated including reaction time, reaction temperature, sucrose concentration, pH effect of hydrothermal solution and nitrogen doping. Activated carbon was obtained from a dramatic chemical reaction with KOH at 800°C.
    The morphology of hydrochar and activated carbon was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to investigate the mechanism of hydrochar formation with different pH of hydrothermal solution. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) was used to confirm activation. The results of elemental analysis were strong evidence of nitrogen doping. Surface area and pore size analysis results to allow for comparison of the degree of activation. The highest surface area of our activated sample is up to 3026 m2/g.
    As more serious air pollution problems and the rise of environmental awareness, we used hydrothermal carbonization-derived activated carbon for air filtration application. By doing so, we hope to develop a biodegradable filtering material which can combine filtering with biodegradable functionalities.
    To achieve the requirement of filtering and biodegradable, an air filtration paper which was used activated carbon and pulp as materials was synthesized. Activated carbon act as adsorbents and pulp serve as substrate. The filtering ability of our samples were measured by TSI model 8130 testing method and results of filtering efficiency achieve a quarter of commercial air filter product.

    摘要 i Abstract iii Acknowledgement v List of Figures viii List of Tables x Chapter 1 Background 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Review of Relevant Literature 4 1.3 Motivation 9 Chapter 2 Experimental 10 2.1 Chemical Compounds 10 2.2 Experimental Procedure 10 2.2.1 The Effect of Time, Concentration and Temperature on Hydrochar and Activated Carbon Synthesis 10 2.2.2 The Effect of pH and Nitrogen Doping on Hydrochar and Activated Carbon Synthesis 12 2.2.3 The Application of Air Filtration with Resulting Activated Carbon 14 2.3 Equipment Used 16 2.4 Material Characterizations 17 Chapter 3 Results and Discussion 20 3.1 The Effect of Time, Concentration and Temperature on Hydrochar and Activated Carbon Synthesis 20 3.1.1 Morphology and Yield 20 3.1.2 Chemical Properties of Hydrochar and Activated Carbon. 24 3.1.3 Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms and Related Surface Area Results 26 3.2 The Effect of pH and Nitrogen Doping on Hydrochar and Activated Carbon Synthesis 28 3.2.1 Yield and Supernatant Liquid 28 3.2.2 Structural Characteristics of Hydrochar and Activated Carbon 33 3.2.3 Chemical Properties of Hydrochar and Activated Carbon. 37 3.2.4 Elemental Analysis of Hydrochar and Activated Carbon 42 3.2.5 Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms and Related Surface Area Results 44 3.3 The Application of Air Filtration with Resulting Activated Carbon 49 3.3.1 Filtration Efficiency and Pressure Loss 49 Chapter 4 Conclusions 53 Chapter 5 Future Work 54 Reference 55 Appendix A 60

    1. Jin, F. and H. Enomoto, Rapid and highly selective conversion of biomass into value-added products in hydrothermal conditions: chemistry of acid/base-catalysed and oxidation reactions. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011. 4(2): p. 382-397.
    2. Sevilla, M. and A.B. Fuertes, Chemical and structural properties of carbonaceous products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of saccharides. Chemistry, 2009. 15(16): p. 4195-4203.
    3. Qi, Y., M. Zhang, L. Qi, and Y. Qi, Mechanism for the formation and growth of carbonaceous spheres from sucrose by hydrothermal carbonization. RSC Advances, 2016. 6(25): p. 20814-20823.
    4. Titirici, M.-M., M. Antonietti, and N. Baccile, Hydrothermal carbon from biomass: a comparison of the local structure from poly- to monosaccharides and pentoses/hexoses. Green Chemistry, 2008. 10(11): p. 1204.
    5. Kang, S., X. Li, J. Fan, and J. Chang, Characterization of Hydrochars Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignin, Cellulose,d-Xylose, and Wood Meal. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012. 51(26): p. 9023-9031.
    6. Lu, X., P.J. Pellechia, J.R. Flora, and N.D. Berge, Influence of reaction time and temperature on product formation and characteristics associated with the hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose. Bioresource Technology, 2013. 138: p. 180-190.
    7. Cao, X., K.S. Ro, J.A. Libra, C.I. Kammann, I. Lima, N. Berge, L. Li, Y. Li, N. Chen, J. Yang, B. Deng, and J. Mao, Effects of biomass types and carbonization conditions on the chemical characteristics of hydrochars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013. 61(39): p. 9401-9411.
    8. Chen, W.H., S.C. Ye, and H.K. Sheen, Hydrothermal carbonization of sugarcane bagasse via wet torrefaction in association with microwave heating. Bioresource Technology, 2012. 118: p. 195-203.
    9. Liu, Z., A. Quek, S. Kent Hoekman, and R. Balasubramanian, Production of solid biochar fuel from waste biomass by hydrothermal carbonization. Fuel, 2013. 103: p. 943-949.
    10. Yuan, H., L. Deng, Y. Qi, N. Kobayashi, and J. Tang, Nonactivated and activated biochar derived from bananas as alternative cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells. The Scientific World Journal, 2014. 2014.
    11. Chen, X., G. Chen, L. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Lehmann, M.B. McBride, and A.G. Hay, Adsorption of copper and zinc by biochars produced from pyrolysis of hardwood and corn straw in aqueous solution. Bioresource Technology, 2011. 102(19): p. 8877-8884.
    12. Wang, H., Z. Xu, A. Kohandehghan, Z. Li, K. Cui, X. Tan, T.J. Stephenson, C.K. King’ondu, C.M.B. Holt, B.C. Olsen, J.K. Tak, D. Harfield, A.O. Anyia, and D. Mitlin, Interconnected Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Hemp for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with High Energy. ACS Nano, 2013. 7(6): p. 5131-5141.
    13. Titirici, M.M., A. Thomas, S.-H. Yu, J.-O. Müller, and M. Antonietti, A Direct Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbons with Bicontinuous Pore Morphology from Crude Plant Material by Hydrothermal Carbonization. Chemistry of Materials, 2007. 19(17): p. 4205-4212.
    14. Romero-Anaya, A.J., M. Ouzzine, M.A. Lillo-Ródenas, and A. Linares-Solano, Spherical carbons: Synthesis, characterization and activation processes. Carbon, 2014. 68: p. 296-307.
    15. Mestre, A.S., E. Tyszko, M.A. Andrade, M. Galhetas, C. Freire, and A.P. Carvalho, Sustainable activated carbons prepared from a sucrose-derived hydrochar: remarkable adsorbents for pharmaceutical compounds. RSC Advances, 2015. 5(25): p. 19696-19707.
    16. Shi, Y., X. Zhang, and G. Liu, Activated Carbons Derived from Hydrothermally Carbonized Sucrose: Remarkable Adsorbents for Adsorptive Desulfurization. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2015. 3(9): p. 2237-2246.
    17. Mao, L., Y. Zhang, Y. Hu, K.H. Ho, Q. Ke, H. Liu, Z. Hu, D. Zhao, and J. Wang, Activation of sucrose-derived carbon spheres for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. RSC Advances, 2015. 5(12): p. 9307-9313.
    18. Subramanian, N. and B. Viswanathan, Nitrogen- and oxygen-containing activated carbons from sucrose for electrochemical supercapacitor applications. RSC Advances, 2015. 5(77): p. 63000-63011.
    19. Nunes, M., I.M. Rocha, D.M. Fernandes, A.S. Mestre, C.N. Moura, A.P. Carvalho, M.F.R. Pereira, and C. Freire, Sucrose-derived activated carbons: electron transfer properties and application as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. RSC Advances, 2015. 5(124): p. 102919-102931.
    20. Sevilla, M., A.B. Fuertes, and R. Mokaya, High density hydrogen storage in superactivated carbons from hydrothermally carbonized renewable organic materials. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011. 4(4): p. 1400-1410.
    21. Sevilla, M. and A.B. Fuertes, Sustainable porous carbons with a superior performance for CO2 capture. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011. 4(5): p. 1765-1771.
    22. 張應徵 及 王霖星, 一種1300-1800g/m2高定量活性碳過濾紙板的生產方法. 2012: 中國.
    23. Liu, Z. and F.S. Zhang, Removal of lead from water using biochars prepared from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. Journal of Hazardous materials, 2009. 167(1-3): p. 933-939.
    24. Liu, Z., F.-S. Zhang, and J. Wu, Characterization and application of chars produced from pinewood pyrolysis and hydrothermal treatment. Fuel, 2010. 89(2): p. 510-514.
    25. Li, M., W. Li, and S. Liu, Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and KOH activation of carbon spheres from glucose. Carbohydrate Research, 2011. 346(8): p. 999-1004.
    26. Sevilla, M. and A.B. Fuertes, The production of carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose. Carbon, 2009. 47(9): p. 2281-2289.
    27. Latham, K.G., G. Jambu, S.D. Joseph, and S.W. Donne, Nitrogen Doping of Hydrochars Produced Hydrothermal Treatment of Sucrose in H2O, H2SO4, and NaOH. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014. 2(4): p. 755-764.
    28. Bader, M., MB-Ruler. 2002-2014: Iffezheim, Germany.
    29. Socrates, G., Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies: Tables and Charts. 2004: Wiley.
    30. Solar, C., F. Sardella, C. Deiana, R.M. Lago, A. Vallone, and K. Sapag, Natural Gas Storage in Microporous Carbon Obtained from Waste of the Olive Oil Production. Materials Research, 2008. 11(4): p. 409-414.
    31. Beralus, J.-M., R. Ruiz-Rosas, D. Cazorla-Amorós, and E. Morallón, Electroadsorption of Arsenic from Natural Water in Granular Activated Carbon. Frontiers in Materials, 2014. 1.
    32. Chen, Y.-D., W.-Q. Chen, B. Huang, and M.-J. Huang, Process optimization of K2C2O4-activated carbon from kenaf core using Box–Behnken design. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2013. 91(9): p. 1783-1789.
    33. Incorporated, T., Mechanisms of Filtration for High Efficiency Fibrous Filters. 2012, TSI Incorporated: U.S.A.

    QR CODE
    :::