許多觀測顯示電離層低地磁緯度之赤道離化異常(equatorial ionization anomaly, EIA)存在季節變化。本論文分析1997到2005年間亞洲地區120°E之全球定位系統(Global Positioning System, GPS)衛星地面接收資料，研究南北半球全電子含量(total electron content, TEC)之EIA變化。同時分析環太平洋地磁觀測網資料，探討赤道電噴流(equatorial electrojet, EEJ)對TEC之EIA變化的影響。結果顯示，南北兩半球EIA和EEJ具有季節變化。EEJ峰值與EIA峰值之間存在有1.5-3小時的時間差，而此時間差亦存在有季節變化。EEJ對EIA強度和南北兩峰距離有明顯地線性關係。兩者之相關係數(correlation coefficient)約為0.52，但其季節與太陽活動效應並不顯著。

Many studies show seasonal variations of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). In this thesis, the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) in the Asian sector derived from measurements of ground-based receivers of the global positioning system (GPS) is employed to investigate the EIA variations during 1997-2005. In addition, magnetometer data from the Circum-pan Pacific Magnetometer Network (CPMN) are used to study the EIA variations associated with the equatorial electrojet (EEJ). It is found in both the northern and southern hemispheres that the EIA crests manifest remarkable seasonal variations. The EIA maxima lag those of the EEJ by about 1.5-3 hours. The results reveal the time delay of both hemispheres to be asymmetry and vary with seasons. There are obvious relations between the intensity of EEJ and EIA as well as distance between the two crests. The associated correlation coefficients are about 0.52. However, no obvious seasonal and solar activity effects are found between the two observations.

Aarons, J., M. Mendillo, R. Yantosca, and E. Kudeki, GPS phase fluctuations in the equatorial region during the MISETA 1994 campaign, Journal Geophysics Research, 101, 26851, 1996.
Anderson, D. N., A theoretical study of the ionospheric F region equatorial anomaly-II. results in the American and Asian sectors, Planetary and Space Science, 21, 421-442, 1973.
Anderson, D. N., A. Anghel, K. Yumoto, M. Ishitsuka, and E. Kudeki, Estimating daytime vertical ExB drift velocities in the equatorial F-region using ground-based magnetometer observations, Geophysics Research Letter, 29, 1596, 2002.
Anderson, D. N., A. Anghel, J. Chau, and O. Veliz, Daytime vertical ExB drift velocities inferred from ground-based magnetometer observations at low latitudes, Space Weather, 2, S11001, 2004.
Appleton, E. V., Two anomalies in the ionosphere, Nature, 157, 691, 1946.
Balan, N., and K. N. Iyer, Equatorial anomaly in ionospheric electron content and its relation to dynamo currents, Journal Geophysics Research, 88, 10259, 1983.
Bramley, E. N., and M. Young, Winds and electromagnetic drifts in the equatorial F2-region, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 30, 99-111, 1968.
Balsley B. B., and R. F. Woodman, On the control of the F-region drift velocity by the E-region electric field：experimental evidence, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 31, 865-867, 1969.
Davies, K., Ionospheric Radio, Short Run Press Ltd., Exeter, England, 1990.
Deshpande, M. R., et al., Effect of electrojet on the TEC of the ionosphere over the Indian subcontinent, Nature, 267, 599-600, 1977.
Draper, N. R., and H. Smith, Applied Regression Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1998.
Duncan, R. A., The equatorial F-region of the ionosphere, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 18, 89-100, 1960.
Dunford E., The relationship between the ionospheric equatorial anomaly and the E-region current system, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 29, 1489-1498, 1967.
Forbes, J. M., The equatorial eletrojet, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 19, 469-504, 1981.
Fuller-Rowell, T. J., The ‘Thermospheric spoon’: a mechanism for the semi-annual density variation, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 3951-3956, 1998.
Hanson, W. B., and R. J. Moffett, Ionization transport effects in the equatorial F region, Journal Geophysics Research, 71, 5559-5572, 1966.
Ho, C. M., A. J. Mannucci, U. J. Lindqwister, X. Pi, and B. T. Tsurutani, Global ionosphere perturbations monitored by the worldwide GPS network, Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 3219, 1996.
Huang, Y.-N., K. Cheng, and S.-W. Chen, On the equatorial anomaly of the ionospheric total electron content near the northern anomaly crest region, Journal Geophysics Research, 94, 13515-13525, 1989.
Kane R. P., Relationship between H ranges at equatorial and middle latitudes, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 33, 319, 1971.
Kane, R. P., A critical appraisal of the method of estimating equatorial electrojet strength, Proceedings of Indian Academy of Sciences, 78, 149-158, 1973.
Kelley, M. C., and R. A. Heelis, The Earth’s Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics, Academic Press, San Diego, 1989.
Liu, J. Y., H. F. Tsai, and T. K. Jung, Total electron content obtained by using the global positioning system, Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, 7, 107, 1996.
Liu, J. Y., H. F. Tsai, C. C. Wu, C. L. Tseng, L. C. Tsai, W. H. Tsai, K. Liou, and J. K. Chao, The effect of geomagnetic storm on ionospheric total electron content at the equatorial anomaly region, Advances in Space Research, 24, 1491, 1999.
Loewe, C. A., and G. W. Prolss, Classification and mean behavior of magnetic storms, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 14209-14213, 1997.
MacDougall, J. W., The equatorial ionospheric anomaly and the equatorial electrojet, Radio Science, 4, 805-810, 1969.
MacDougall, J. W., Equatorial electrojet and Sq current system：Ⅰ, Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 31, 341-357, 1979.
Martyn, D. F., Atmospheric tides in the ionosphere. I. Solar tides in the F2 region, Proc. R. Soc. London, A189, 241-260, 1947.
Moffett, R. J., The equatorial anomaly in the electro distribution of the terrestrial F-region, Fund. Cosmic Phys., 4, 313-391, 1979.
Onwumechili, C. A., The Equatorial Electrojet, Gordon and Breach Science Publication, Netherlands, 1997.
Rajaram, G., and P. R. Pisharoty, The Earth’s magnetic field, Oxford & IBH Publishing, New Delhi, Chapter 7, 1998.
Rastogi R. G., and G. Rajaram, Electrojet effects on the equatorial F-region during magnetically quiet and disturbed days, Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, 9, 531-536, 1971.
Rastogi, R. G., and J. A. Klobuchar, Ionospheric electron content within the equatorial F2 layer anomaly belt, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 19045-19052, 1990.
Ratcliffe, J. A., An Introduction to the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, 256pp., Cambridge, UK, 1972.
Rishbeth, H., I. C. F. Muller-Wodarg, L. Zou, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, G. H. Millward, R. J. Moffett, D. W. Idenden, and A. D. Aylwardm, Annual and semiannual variations in the ionospheric F2-layer: Ⅱ. Physical discussion, Annales Geophysicae, 18, 945-956, 2000.
Rush, C. M., and D. Miller, Some aspects of day-to-day variability of the equatorial anomaly: American and Japanese sector, Radio Science, 7, 1085, 1972.
Rush C. M., and A. D. Richmond, The relationship between the structure of the equatorial anomaly and the strength of the equatorial electrojet, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 35, 1171-1180, 1973.
Sethia, G., R. G. Rastogi, M. R. Deshpande, and H. Chandra, Equatorial electrojet control of the low latitude ionosphere, Journal Geophysics Research, 32, 208, 1980.
Stening , R. J., Longitudinal and seasonal variations of the Sq current system, Radio Science, 6, 133-137, 1971.
Stening, R. J., and P. A. Hopgood, Geomagnetic quiet daily variations in the Australian region - Information from a new station at Charters Towers, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 53, 959-964, 1991.
Sterling, D. L., W. B. Hanson, R. J. Moffett, and R. G. Baxter, Influence of electromagnetic drifts and neutral air winds on some features of the F2 region, Radio Science, 4, 1969.
Tsai, H. F., J. Y. Liu, W. H. Tsai, and C. H. Liu, Seasonal variations of the ionospheric total electron content in Asian equatorial anomaly regions, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 30363-30369, 2001.
Tarpley, J. D., The ionospheric wind dynamo, 2. Solar tides, Planets Space Science, 18, 1091-1103, 1970.
Yeh, K. C., S. J. Franke, E. S. Andreeva, and V. E. Kunitsyn, An Investigation of Motions of the Equatorial Anomaly, Geophysics Research Letter, 28, 4517-4520, 2001.
Yumoto, K., Characteristics of Pi 2 magnetic pulsations observed at the CPMN stations: A review of the STEP results, Earth Planets Space, 53, 981-992, 2001.
恩藤忠典．丸橋克英, 宇宙環境科學, 株式?社社, 日本, 2000.