土壤有機質對土壤/水系統中低濃度非離子有機污染物吸附行為之研究

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研究生：	黃慧貞 Huei-Chen Haung
論文名稱：	土壤有機質對土壤/水系統中低濃度非離子有機污染物吸附行為之研究
指導教授：	李俊福 Jiunn-Fwu Lee
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 環境工程研究所 Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering
畢業學年度：	89
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	80
中文關鍵詞：	土壤有機質、高表面積含碳物質、煤灰、非離子有機污染物
外文關鍵詞：	SOM, HSACM, charcoal, NOCs
相關次數：	點閱：8 下載：0
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本研究以三種原始土壤和兩種淋洗土壤對二種有機污染物（三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯）在極低濃度下進行一系列單一和雙重吸附質之等溫吸附實驗。實驗結果顯示，土壤對低濃度非離子有機污染物的吸附等溫線呈非線性，這種非線性的吸附等溫線以泰山森林土最明顯，其次為紗帽山土和IFP，大部分在平衡濃度等於0.05mg/L時即呈現向下凹之曲線；在雙重吸附質的系統中，非線性吸附效應會被共同吸附質所抑制，抑制的能力則決定於共同吸附質的分子量，土壤淋洗對不同土壤的組成有不同的效應。實驗結果較符合HSACM-SI Model （High-Surface-Area Carbonaceous Material-Specific Interactions Model）假說：土壤對非離子有機污染物之非線性吸附來自於土壤中之微量且具高吸附力之HSACM。

A series of single-solute and binary-solute sorption experiments were conducted for the sorption of nonionic organic compounds on three soil samples and two washed soil samples. The data were extended to relatively low solute concentrations (Ce/Sw) where Ce and Sw are the equilibrium concentration and solubility in water, respectively. At about Ce/Sw＝10-4, the nonionic organic solutes exhibit nonlinear sorption isotherm (of a concave-downward shape). The nonlinear uptake of a solute at low Ce/Sw is suppressed to different extents by other cosolutes in binary-solute system. The abilities of different cosolutes to suppress the nonlinear magnitudes depend on the molecular weight. The washed soils show different curvature on each adsorbate. These results in agreement with the hypothesis that adsorption on a small amount of strongly adsorbing HSACM is largely responsible for the nonlinear sorption of nonionic organic solutes on soils.

第一章前言……………………………………………………1
1-1研究緣起……………………………………………1
1-2研究目的與內容……………………………………3
第二章文獻回顧………………………………………………5
2-1土壤之基本性質……………………………………5
2-1-1土壤無機質…………………………………………5
2-1-2土壤有機質…………………………………………7
2-1-3土壤陽離子交換當量（CEC）………………………8
2-1-4土壤表面積…………………………………………10
2-2有機污染物…………………………………………10
2-2-1有機污染物之來源…………………………………11
2-2-2有機污染物之種類與特性…………………………12
2-2-3土壤對有機污染物之吸附…………………………14
2-2-3-1吸附（adsorption）的機制………………………14
2-2-3-2兩相間分佈（Partitioning）……………………18
2-3土壤有機質吸附有機污染物………………………19
2-3-1Glassy-Rubbery SOM Model………………………19
2-3-2Internal Hole Model………………………………20
2-3-3HSACM-SI Model……………………………………22
第三章實驗內容、方法及器材………………………………25
3-1實驗內容……………………………………………25
3-2實驗方法……………………………………………27
3-2-1吸附平衡實驗………………………………………27
3-2-2土壤淋洗實驗………………………………………30
3-2-3測定土壤有機碳實驗………………………………30
3-2-4測定土壤HSACM含量實驗……………………………32
3-3實驗器材……………………………………………34
3-3-1電子天平……………………………………………34
3-3-2水平振盪器…………………………………………34
3-3-3高速離心機…………………………………………34
3-3-4氣相層析儀－電子補捉偵檢器（GC－ECD）………35
3-3-5積分儀………………………………………………35
3-4實驗材料……………………………………………36
3-4-1土壤…………………………………………………36
3-4-2非離子有機化合物…………………………………37
3-4-2-1三氯乙烯Trichloroethylene（TCE）……………37
3-4-2-2四氯乙烯Tetrachloroethylene（PCE）…………38
3-4-2-3四氯化碳Carbon tetrachloride（CCl4）………39
3-4-3配製儲備溶液之溶劑………………………………40
3-4-4萃取溶劑……………………………………………40
第四章結果與討論……………………………………………42
4-1土壤的性質…………………………………………42
4-2非離子有機污染物之檢量線………………………43
4-3層析圖………………………………………………44
4-4回收率………………………………………………47
4-5不同土壤對非離子有機污染物的吸附等溫線……48
4-5-1不同土壤對三氯乙烯的吸附等溫線………………48
4-5-2不同土壤對四氯乙烯的吸附等溫線………………52
4-6共同吸附質對吸附等溫線的抑制作用……………56
4-6-1四氯乙烯對三氯乙烯的抑制作用…………………56
4-6-2四氯化碳對四氯乙烯的抑制作用…………………61
4-7土壤淋洗對吸附的影響……………………………65
4-7-1泰山森林土之淋洗…………………………………65
4-7-2IFP之淋洗……………………………………………68
4-8土壤淋洗對競爭吸附的影響………………………70
4-8-1淋洗對四氯乙烯抑制三氯乙烯的影響……………70
4-8-2淋洗對四氯化碳抑制四氯乙烯的影響……………72
4-9分析土壤HSACM含量結果………………………….73

                                

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