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研究生: 何宗昱
Zong-Yu Ho
論文名稱: 基於實務廣播星曆資料建置GPS訊號即時通道效應
Setup of Real-Time Channel Effect for GPS Signals with Practical Broadcast Ephemeris Data
指導教授: 陳逸民
Yih-Min Chen
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系
Department of Communication Engineering
論文出版年: 2024
畢業學年度: 113
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 83
中文關鍵詞: 全球定位系統(GPS)廣播星曆GPS訊號擬真器即時通道效應訊號延遲都卜勒頻移圖形化使用者介面(GUI)
外文關鍵詞: Global Positioning System(GPS), Broadcast Ephemeris, GPS Signal Simulator, Real-Time Channel Effect, Signal Delay, Doppler Shift, Graphical User Interface(GUI)
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  • 本論文旨在設計並建置一個基於實務GPS衛星廣播星曆資料的即時通道效應模擬架構,提供相關參數給相應硬體系統以實現即時GPS訊號擬真器。研究首先探討了GPS系統的基本架構,包括太空部分、地面控制部分和使用者部分,並闡述了GPS定位原理及常用座標系統。接著,深入分析了GPS訊號結構,包括載波、C/A碼和導航電文等組成部分。
    在此基礎上,本研究利用實務GPS衛星廣播星曆資料,完成了在給定時刻的GPS衛星位置、速度和加速度的精確計算,以及可見衛星的判定。進一步地,本論文模擬了GPS訊號傳播過程中的各種即時通道效應,包括各種訊號延遲和Doppler頻移等。最後,利用MATLAB App Designer設計了一個直觀易用的圖形化使用者介面(GUI),實現了多顆GPS衛星訊號組合的即時通道效應與視覺化呈現,GUI不僅提供即時模擬結果顯示,更具備數據收集功能,可將各種即時通道效應等重要數據以時間序列形式保存,為後續的硬體實現與驗證提供重要依據,進而推動實現完整的即時GPS訊號擬真器。


    This thesis aims to design and establish a framework for simulating real-time channel effects of GPS signals based on practical broadcast ephemeris data, providing relevant parameters for corresponding hardware systems to realize a real-time GPS signal simulator. The research first explores the basic architecture of the GPS system, including the space segment, ground control segment, and user segment, and elucidates GPS positioning principles and commonly used coordinate systems. Subsequently, it delves into a detailed analysis of GPS signal structure, including carrier waves, C/A codes, and navigation messages.
    Building on this foundation, this study utilizes practical GPS satellite broadcast ephemeris data to accurately calculate satellite positions, velocities, and accelerations at given time points, as well as determine visible satellites. Furthermore, this thesis simulates various real-time channel effects in GPS signal propagation, including various signal delays and Doppler shifts. Finally, an intuitive and user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) is designed using MATLAB App Designer, realizing real-time channel effect simulation and visualization for multiple GPS satellite signal combinations. The GUI not only provides real-time simulation result display but also features data collection functionality, capable of storing important data such as real-time channel effects in time series format, providing crucial references for subsequent hardware implementation and verification, thereby promoting the realization of a comprehensive real-time GPS signal simulator.

    摘要 i Abstract ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 viii 表目錄 x 第一章 緒論 1 1.1研究動機與背景 1 1.2 論文架構 3 第二章 GPS衛星系統與研究技術介紹 4 2.1 GPS系統架構介紹 4 2.1.1 太空部分 5 2.1.2 地面控制部分 5 2.1.3 使用者部分 6 2.2 GPS定位原理 7 2.3 座標系介紹 8 2.3.1 地理座標系 8 2.3.2 地心地固座標系(ECEF) 9 2.3.3 站心座標系(ENU) 10 2.3.4 地平座標系 11 第三章 GPS訊號架構 12 3.1 載波 12 3.1.1 BPSK調變 13 3.2 測距碼 14 3.2.1 C/A碼 14 3.3 導航電文 21 3.3.1 GPS時間(GPS Time, GPST) 22 3.3.2 Z計數(Z-count) 22 3.3.3 TOW(Time of Week) 23 3.3.4 奇偶校驗碼(Parity Check) 23 3.3.5 子訊框1 Data Format 25 3.3.6 子訊框2 Data Format 26 3.3.7 子訊框3 Data Format 27 3.3.8 子訊框4 & 5 Data Format 28 第四章 GPS衛星廣播星曆解析與衛星狀態向量計算 30 4.1 GPS衛星廣播星曆 30 4.1.1 GPS廣播星曆資料格式 30 4.1.2 GPS廣播星曆參數解析 32 4.2 GPS衛星位置、速度與加速度演算法 34 4.2.1 WGS-84世界大地測量座標系統參數 34 4.2.2 衛星位置計算 35 4.2.3 衛星速度計算 39 4.2.4 衛星加速度計算 41 4.3 空中可見衛星判定 42 4.3.1地理座標系到地心地固座標系的轉換 42 4.3.2地心地固座標系到站心座標系的轉換 43 4.3.3站心座標系到地平座標系的轉換 44 4.3.4空中可見衛星的判定方法 44 第五章 GPS訊號即時通道效應 46 5.1 都卜勒(Doppler)頻移計算 46 5.2 GPS誤差源與延遲模型 48 5.2.1 衛星時鐘誤差 48 5.2.2 電離層延遲 49 5.2.3 對流層延遲 53 5.2.4 衛星位置校正 54 5.2.5 GPS偽距離估算 55 第六章 圖形化使用者介面設計與實現 56 6.1 介面配置介紹與參數設定 57 6.2 模擬即時結果與視覺化展示 59 6.3 GUI生成結果驗證 63 6.4 GUI應用價值 66 第七章 結論 67 7.1 結論 67 7.2 未來計畫與發展 67 參考文獻 68

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