在跨國企業中，總公司的集權化(控制權)與子公司的自主權常常是研究的議題，常見的影響因素有子公司經理人特質、子公司特性、當地環境、經營哲學與網絡連結關係等。本研究以在台子公司為角度，彙整文獻與子公司自主權與績效相關因素，整理出七個構面及22項準則，運用DEMATEL決策實驗室方法探討子公司自主權與績效之間影響的關鍵因素，分析相互依存度與重要程度。研究結果發現管理能力、在企業策略活動的決策權、組織承諾及企業經營理念的重要度最高。

In the multinational enterprise, head-quarter’s centralization and subsidiary’s autonomy are very common and popular topic among researches. There are some criteria/ determinants including subsidiary’s managers’ characteristics, subsidiary’s traits, local environment, management philosophy and network relationship have been quite discussed. The theory use subsidiaries in Taiwan as aspect, based on the literature review, seven main attributes and twenty-two criteria were extracted and subsequently validated by seventeen experts that related to subsidiary’s autonomy and its performance. Use Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to explore the key effects between subsidiary’s autonomy and its performance. Figure out the criteria interdependence relationship and importance degree. The results show that management capacity, the enterprise strategy autonomous, organization commitment and business philosophy are the most important criteria.

1. Bartlett, C.A. and S. Ghoshal, Managing Across Borders, 李宛蓉, Editor. 1990, 遠流出
版事業股份有限公司: 臺北市.
2. 經濟部投審會網站. 2021 年6 月29 日， 取自
https://www.moeaic.gov.tw/business_category.view?seq=0&lang=ch.
3. Bartlett, C.A. and S. Ghoshal, Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution. 2nd
ed. 1998, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
4. Hewett, K., M.S. Roth, and K. Roth, Conditions influencing headquarters and foreign
subsidiary roles in marketing activities and their effects on performance. Journal of
International Business Studies, 2003. 34(6): p. 567-585.
5. Birkinshaw, J.M. and A.J. Morrison, Configurations of strategy and structure in
subsidiaries of multinational corporations. Journal of international business studies, 1995.
26(4): p. 729-753.
6. Manolopoulos, D., The concept of autonomy in the subsidiary management research: A
conceptual investigation. Journal of Transnational Management, 2006. 11(4): p. 45-62.
7. Gates, S.R. and W.G. Egelhoff, Centralization in headquarters–subsidiary relationships.
Journal of international business studies, 1986. 17(2): p. 71-92.
8. Picard, J., J.J. Boddewyn, and R. Grosse, Centralization and autonomy in internationalmarketing
decision making: a longitudinal study (1973-1993) of US MNEs in the
European Union. Journal of Global Marketing
1998. 12(2): p. 5-24.
9. Negandhi, A.R. and B.R. Baliga, External and internal functioning of American, German,
and Japanese multinational corporations, in College of Commerce and Business
Administration. 1980, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
10. Malnight, T.W., The transition from decentralized to network-based MNC structures: An
evolutionary perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 1996. 27(1): p. 43-65.
11. Nederlandt, J., P.J. Agrell, and C. Lejeune, Which organizational model, centralization or
decentralization, suits a company best? Case study of the company Rexel, in Louvain
School of Management. 2016, Université catholique de Louvain.
12. Ferner, A., et al., Dynamics of central control and subsidiary autonomy in the management
of human resources: Case-study evidence from US MNCs in the UK. Organization Studies,
2004. 25(3): p. 363-391.
13. 陳志軍, 母公司對子公司控制理論探討——理論視角、控制模式與控制手段. 山東大
學學報, 2006.
14. Leksell, L., Headquarter-subsidiary relationships in multinational corporations. 1981,
Sweden: Stockholm School of Economics.
15. Ghoshal, S. and N. Nohria, Internal differentiation within multinational corporations.
Strategic management journal, 1989. 10(4): p. 323-337.
16. Garnier, G.H., Context and decision making autonomy in the foreign affiliates of US
multinational corporations. Academy of Management Journal, 1982. 25(4): p. 893-908.
17. Prahalad, C.K. and Y.L. Doz, An Approach to Strategic Control in MNCs. Sloan
Management Review (pre-1986), 1981. 22(4): p. 5.
18. Cummings, S., Centralization and decentralization: The neverending story of separation
and betrayal. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 1995. 11(2): p. 103-117.
19. Venaik, S., D.F. Midgley, and T.M. Devinney, Autonomy, networking and interunit
learning in a model of MNC subsidiary innovation and performance. Australian Graduate
School of Management, Sydney, Australia, 2001. 3.
20. Brock, D.M., Autonomy of individuals and organizations: Towards a strategy research
agenda. International Journal of Business Economics, 2003. 2(1): p. 57.
21. Taggart, J. and N. Hood, Determinants of autonomy in multinational corporation
subsidiaries. European Management Journal, 1999. 17(2): p. 226-236.
22. Varblane, U., K. Männik, and H. Hannula, Autonomy and performance of foreign
subsidiaries in transition countries, in William Davidson Institute. 2005, University of
Tartu Economics and Business
23. Venaik, S., D.F. Midgley, and T.M. Devinney, Dual paths to performance: the impact of
global pressures on MNC subsidiary conduct and performance. Journal of International
Business Studies, 2005. 36(6): p. 655-675.
24. 于卓民, 多國企業子公司自主權決策影響因素之研究. 2006: 行政院國家科學委員
會專題研究計畫.
25. 朱文儀, 陳克名, and 陳建男, 跨國企業子公司自主權影響因素之研究-以外商在台
子公司為例. 台灣管理學刊, 2007. 7(2): p. 167-186.
26. McDonald, F., et al., The strategic development of subsidiaries in regional trade blocs.
Multinational Business Review, 2011. 19(3): p. 256-271.
27. Gammelgaard, J., et al., The impact of increases in subsidiary autonomy and network
relationships on performance. International Business Review, 2012. 21(6): p. 1158-1172.
28. 王娜 and 王永貴, 跨國公司子公司自主決策權的戰略性影響研究. 外國經濟與管
理, 2017. 39(5): p. 58-72.
29. Edwards, R., A. Ahmad, and S. Moss, Subsidiary autonomy: The case of multinational
subsidiaries in Malaysia. Journal of International Business Studies, 2002. 33(1): p. 183-
191.
30. Van de Ven, A.H., A framework for organization assessment. Academy of management
review, 1976. 1(1): p. 64-78.
31. Birkinshaw, J. and N. Hood, Multinational subsidiary evolution: Capability and charter
change in foreign-owned subsidiary companies. Academy of management review, 1998.
23(4): p. 773-795.
32. Verbeke, A., L. Kano, and W. Yuan, Inside the regional multinationals: A new value chain
perspective on subsidiary capabilities. International Business Review, 2016. 25(3): p. 785-
793.
33. Benson, J.K., The interorganizational network as a political economy. Administrative
science quarterly, 1975: p. 229-249.
34. Ghoshal, S. and C.A. Bartlett, The multinational corporation as an interorganizational
network. Academy of management review, 1990. 15(4): p. 603-626.
35. Pfeffer, J. and G.R. Salancik, The external control of organizations: a resource dependence
perspective, 俞慧芸, Editor. 2007, 聯經: 臺北市.
36. 曾紀幸, 廠商資源類型與國際化網路策略之關係：臺商赴海外投資之實證研究. 中
山管理評論, 2003. 11(2): p. 309-340.
37. Hansen, M.T. and J. Birkinshaw, The innovation value chain. Harvard business review,
2007. 85(6): p. 121.
38. Young, S., N. Hood, and E. Peters, Multinational enterprises and regional economic
development. Regional studies, 1994. 28(7): p. 657-677.
39. Zhu, H., J. Xia, and S. Makino, How do high-technology firms create value in international
M&A? Integration, autonomy and cross-border contingencies. Journal of World Business,
2015. 50(4): p. 718-728.
40. McEvily, B. and A. Zaheer, Bridging ties: A source of firm heterogeneity in competitive
capabilities. Strategic management journal, 1999. 20(12): p. 1133-1156.
41. Andersson, U., M. Forsgren, and U. Holm, The strategic impact of external networks:
Subsidiary performance and competence development in the multinational corporation.
Strategic management journal, 2002. 23(11): p. 979-996.
42. Barrick, M.R. and M.K. Mount, Autonomy as a moderator of the relationships between
the big five personality dimensions and job performance. Journal of applied Psychology,
1993. 78(1): p. 111.
43. Porter, L.W., et al., Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among
psychiatric technicians. Journal of applied psychology, 1974. 59(5): p. 603.
44. Palich, L.E., P.W. Hom, and R.W. Griffeth, Managing in the international context: Testing
cultural generality of sources of commitment to multinational enterprises. Journal of
Management, 1995. 21(4): p. 671-690.
45. Meyer, J.P., et al., Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization:
A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of vocational
behavior, 2002. 61(1): p. 20-52.
46. Mowday, R.T., L.W. Porter, and R. Dubin, Unit performance, situational factors, and
employee attitudes in spatially separated work units. Organizational behavior and human
performance, 1974. 12(2): p. 231-248.
47. Daft, R.L., Organization Theory & Design, 李再長 and 曾雅芬, Editors. 2016, 華泰文
化事業股份有限公司: 臺北市.
48. Jain, S.C., Standardization of international marketing strategy: some research hypotheses.
Journal of marketing, 1989. 53(1): p. 70-79.
49. Jarillo, J.C. and J.I. Martíanez, Different roles for subsidiaries: The case of multinational
corporations in Spain. Strategic management journal, 1990. 11(7): p. 501-512.
50. Venaik, S., D.F. Midgley, and T.M. Devinney, A new perspective on the integrationresponsiveness
pressures confronting multinational firms, in Management International
Review. 2004, Springer. p. 15-48.
51. Feinberg, S.E., Do world product mandates really matter? Journal of International
Business Studies, 2000. 31(1): p. 155-167.
52. Jong, G.d. and D.V. Vo, The impact of the institutional environment on the autonomy of
MNCs’ subsidiaries. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 2010. 8(2): p. 53-63.
53. Conroy, K.M. and D.G. Collings, The legitimacy of subsidiary issue selling: Balancing
positive & negative attention from corporate headquarters. Journal of World Business,
2016. 51(4): p. 612-627.
54. Nielsen, J.F. and C.P. Pedersen, The consequences and limits of empowerment in financial
services. Scandinavian Journal of management, 2003. 19(1): p. 63-83.
55. Gabus, A. and E. Fontela, World problems, an invitation to further thought within the
framework of DEMATEL. Battelle Geneva Research Center, Geneva, 1972: p. 1-8.
56. Xie, S., A. Ren, and R. Liu. Site selection of supermarket based on DEMATEL. in 2009
16th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management.
2009. IEEE.
57. Vasic, S., et al. Relations Between Key Elements of Quality Management: A Dematel
Method Approach. in International Joint conference on Industrial Engineering and
Operations Management. 2019. Springer.
58. Ahmadzadeh, A., et al., Studying the critical success factors of ERP in the banking sector:
a DEMATEL approach. International Journal of Procurement Management, 2021. 14(1):
p. 126-145.
59. Tsai, S.-B., Using the DEMATEL model to explore the job satisfaction of research and
development professionals in china's photovoltaic cell industry. Renewable Sustainable
Energy Reviews, 2018. 81: p. 62-68.
60. Khot, S. and S. Thiagarajan, Resilience and sustainability of supply chain management in
the Indian automobile industry. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 2019.
3(4): p. 339-348.
61. Shahriari, M.R., N. Pilevari, and Z. Gholami, The effect of information systems on the
supply chain sustainability using DEMATEL method. Communications on Advanced
Computational Science with Applications, 2016. 1: p. 47-56.
62. Bakir, S., et al., Exploring the critical determinants of environmentally oriented public
procurement using the DEMATEL method. Journal of environmental management, 2018.
225: p. 325-335.
63. Bacudio, L.R., et al., Analyzing barriers to implementing industrial symbiosis networks
using DEMATEL. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2016. 7: p. 57-65.
64. Ilgin, M.A., A DEMATEL-based disassembly line balancing heuristic. Journal of
Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 2019. 141(2).
65. Dalvi-Esfahani, M., et al., Social media addiction: Applying the DEMATEL approach.
Telematics and Informatics, 2019. 43: p. 101250.
66. Shieh, J.-I., H.-H. Wu, and K.-K. Huang, A DEMATEL method in identifying key success
factors of hospital service quality. Knowledge-Based Systems, 2010. 23(3): p. 277-282.
67. Lin, C.-L. and G.-H. Tzeng, A value-created system of science (technology) park by using
DEMATEL. Expert systems with applications, 2009. 36(6): p. 9683-9697.
68. Lin, Y.-T., et al., Using DEMATEL method to explore the core competences and causal
effect of the IC design service company: An empirical case study. Expert Systems with
Applications, 2011. 38(5): p. 6262-6268.
69. Chiu, Y.-J., et al., Marketing strategy based on customer behaviour for the LCD-TV.
International journal of management and decision making, 2006. 7(2-3): p. 143-165.
70. 張紹勳, 模糊多準則評估法及統計. 2012, 台北市: 台灣五南圖書出版股份有限公司.
71. Falatoonitoosi, E., et al., Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory. Research
Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2013. 5(13): p. 3476-3480.
72. Si, S.-L., et al., DEMATEL technique: A systematic review of the state-of-the-art literature
on methodologies and applications. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2018. 2018.
73. 吳統雄, 經理人個人特質與業務管理策略: 影響中小企業經營績效的長期參與觀察
研究. Asia Pacific Management Review, 1996. 1(1): p. 63-80.