莫斯堡光譜儀的建造以及其應用到FeCO3薄膜的診斷

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研究生：	魏敏生 Min-sheng Wei
論文名稱：	莫斯堡光譜儀的建造以及其應用到FeCO3薄膜的診斷 Development of Mössbauer spectrometer and it’s application to characterization of FeCO3 film
指導教授：	陳賜原 S.-Y. Chen
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 物理學系 Department of Physics
論文出版年：	2013
畢業學年度：	101
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	72
中文關鍵詞：	莫斯堡光譜、晶體診斷、梅氏堡光譜、穆斯堡爾光譜、碳酸亞鐵
外文關鍵詞：	Mössbauer spectrometer, crystal characterization, meterial characterization, FeCO3, iron carbonate
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為了在核子量子光學（nuclear quantum optics）的領域中發展EIT（electromagnetically induced transparency）效應的研究，首要目標為達成nuclear level crossing。目前研究瓶頸為難以取得高純度的FeCO3（siderite）晶體，以致雜質破壞晶體的結構，使得level anti-crossing的現象出現。為了可以詳細研究 nuclear level crossing 及 nuclear level anti-crossing 的性質，必須能自由的控制晶體中Ca或是Mg的濃度以控制磁場及c-axis、EFG的方向。故發展人工製作FeCO3晶體的技術以及晶體診斷技術是必要的。

此論文主要目標為建設一成熟的莫斯堡光譜儀及晶體診斷平台。藉由建立一系列關於硬體及軟體的方面的改良，使得量測數據的訊噪比得以提昇至理論極限。以及架設低溫系統以供後續研究使用。並於附錄附上訊噪比估計程式碼以及資料處理相關程式及流程供未來使用。
最後使用建設完成的莫斯堡光譜儀實際測量FeCO3薄膜以及其他樣品以測試平台的性能，並以量測數據佐以理論解釋FeCO3薄膜的物理及化學性質。

To demonstrate the electromagnetically induced transparency in gamma rays region at the single photon level via the level crossing and level anti-crossing technique. The difficulty of obtaining pure FeCO3(siderite) single crystal is the bottleneck in the experiment. Impurity in the crystal will break structure of crystal, making level crossing phenomenon unable to achieve. For the sake of further study of nuclear level crossing and nuclear level anti-crossing, we have to adjust the concentration of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in siderite crystal for controlling the direction between magnetic hyperfine field and c-axis and EFG in the crystal. Hence the necessity for developing the method of FeCO3 crystal growth and crystal characterization is obvious.

The main achievement of this thesis is develop a fully developed Mössbauer spectrometer and a platform for crystal characterization. By a series of improvement on hardware and software, we can push up the signal to noise ratio of Mössbauer spectrum to the theoretical limit. And setup a cryostat system for future experiment. The source code of signal to noise evaluation program and data processing program will attach as an appendix. Finally, the FeCO3 thin film were used for testing the performance of spectrometer, then characterize the sample by experimental data and the theoretical explanation.

中文摘要 .......................................................................................... i
英文摘要 .......................................................................................... ii
謝誌 ................................................................................................. iii
目錄 ................................................................................................. iv
圖目錄 .............................................................................................. v
表目錄 ..............................................................................................vii
符號說明 .......................................................................................... ix
一、 簡介 ............................................................................ 1
1.1 莫斯堡光譜學原理 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 莫斯堡效應 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.2 莫斯堡譜 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.3 超精細交互作用 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 莫斯堡光譜學在核子量子光學上的應用 . . . . . . . 9
1.3 工作成果 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
二、 莫斯堡光譜儀建造與資料處理 .................................... 11
2.1 莫斯堡光譜儀原理 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.1 γ射線光子的能量調製 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.2 γ射線光子的選擇 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 實驗架設 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.1 氪氣比例計數器 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.2 平面架設圖 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.3 提昇訊噪比 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3 資料處理 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.1 收集角 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.2 譜線折疊 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3.3 速度校正 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3.4 譜線擬合 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
三、材料製備 ..................................................................... 24
3.1 FeCO3薄膜 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.1.1 FeCO3 (Siderite) crystal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2 粉末樣品 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2.1 FeCO3粉末樣品 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2.2 舊FeCO3粉末樣品 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2.3 Fe2O3粉末樣品 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3 鐵薄膜 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.4 Fe2O3靶材 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
四、 結果與討論 ................................................................. 27
4.1 藉由spatial discrimination消去背景 . . . . . . . . . 27
4.2 利用最佳厚度改善訊噪比 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.3 FeCO3薄膜診斷 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.1 新鮮FeCO3 薄膜 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.2 FeCO3解離 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.3.3 FeCO3可能解離反應方程 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.3.4 解離產物與預測解離產物譜線比較 . . . . . . . . . . 31
五、 總結 ............................................................................ 37
附錄一 .............................................................................................. 38
附錄二 .............................................................................................. 48
參考文獻 .............................................................................. 54
                                

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