跳到主要內容

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 吳俊杰
Chun-chieh Wu
論文名稱: 利用模糊理論為基礎之內容分析方法以維持網頁視覺連貫性之內容調適機制
Using fuzzy-based content analysis to maintain visual coherence on content adaptation
指導教授: 楊鎮華
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 資訊電機學院 - 資訊工程學系
Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 72
中文關鍵詞: 網頁內容內容分析內容調適行動上網模糊理論歸納推論
外文關鍵詞: mobile Internet, content analysis, Web content, fuzzy, inductive reasoning, content adaptation
相關次數: 點閱:12下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 現今,行動上網已經越來越普及了,許多人會透過各種行動裝置上網,包括PDA或是行動電話等等。但是大部分的網頁都是針對桌上型電腦所設計的,而行動裝置的螢幕卻非常小,使用者可能因此會有瀏覽上的困難。由於這個原因,我們認為有必要提供一個服務可以自動將網頁轉換成適合行動裝置瀏覽的版本。為了這個目標,許多內容調適相關的方法已經被提出,但是在調適時,如何維持網頁內容的視覺連貫性仍然是很重要的議題,當我們調整網頁的排版時,其內容的視覺連貫性有時候會被破壞,這會讓使用者感到困擾。
    在本篇論文中,我們利用模糊理論中歸納推論的方法,提出了一個內容分析方式來量化網頁的視覺連貫性,並且設計了一個以視覺連貫性為基礎的內容調適系統,VCAProxy。當此系統調適網頁時,會自動採取精確的調適策略來維持網頁的視覺連貫性。除此之外,我們的系統是建構在代理伺服器架構中,可以允許各種型態的行動裝置存取我們的系統並獲得適合行動裝置瀏覽的網頁。


    Currently, mobile internet becomes more and more popular. Many people will access the internet via some portable devices such as PDAs and mobile phones. But most Web pages are designed for desktop PC and the mobile device users may have difficulty of browsing the Web page because the small device screen. For this reason, it’s necessary to provide a service which can automatically transform the Web content into a better version for mobile devices. Many approaches of content adaptation have been proposed to reach this goal, but how to maintain the visual coherence of Web contents during the adaptation procedure is still an important issue. Sometimes, the visual coherence may be break when we adjust the layout of contents and this problem will confuse users.
    In this thesis, we propose a content analysis method to quantify the visual coherence of Web contents by fuzzy inductive reasoning, and design a visual coherence-oriented adaptation system, VCAProxy. The system can automatically decide precise adaptation strategies to maintain the visual coherence during the adaptation procedure. Moreover, we implement our system in a proxy architecture which allow all kinds of devices to access our adaptation system and acquire the adapted pages suitable for mobile devices.

    Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 What is the motivation of this research? 1.2 What kind of problems to be solved? 1.3 Why are the problems significant? 1.4 Who will be interested in these problems? 1.5 How to solve the problems 1.6 Contributions of our solutions Chapter 2 Related Works 2.1 General description of Content Adaptation 2.1.1 Current research status and challenges 2.1.2 Various approaches of content adaptation 2.2 List and describe all the possible approaches for problem solving 2.2.1 Academic research 2.2.2 Industrial products 2.2.3 Comparison of various approaches 2.3 Comparison of various approaches with our approach (SWOT analysis) 2.3.1 Strength, Weakness 2.3.2 Opportunity, Threat Chapter 3 Method and Solutions 3.1 Definition, axiom, theorem 3.2 Algorithm for coherence set detection 3.2.1 Similarity quantification algorithm 3.2.2 Determine the coherence threshold 3.3 Adaptation strategy upon analysis result Chapter 4 System Implementation 4.1 Implementation environment 4.1.1 Hardware and software platforms 4.1.2 Implementation languages and tools 4.2 System architecture 4.2.1 High-level system design and analysis 4.2.2 Low-level system design and analysis 4.3 System demo 4.4 Experience learned form the implementation Chapter 5 Experiment and Discussion 5.1 Experiment design and setup 5.1.1 Experiment scenario 5.1.2 Roles, hardware, software, and network requirements setup 5.2 Quantitative evaluation 5.2.1 Precision 5.2.2 Results and lesson learned 5.3 Qualitative evaluation 5.3.1 Questionnaire design and survey 5.3.2 Performance comparison with and without our approach 5.3.3 Performance comparison with other related approaches 5.3.4 Discussion and observation Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Work References

    [1]Yang, S.J.H., Shao, N.W.Y., & Chung, J.Y. (2005). Pervasive content access for service oriented mobile commerce. IEEE Conference on E-Commerce Technology (CEC), Germany.
    [2]Kim, M.K., & Jee, K. Y. (2006). Characteristics of individuals influencing adoption intentions for portable internet service. ETRI Journal, 28(1), 67-76.
    [3]Yang, S.J.H., Wu, B.C.D., & Shao, N.W.Y. (2005). A context-based adaptation rule design for mobile commerce. The First International on Information Management and Business, Taiwan.
    [4]Yang, S.J.H., & Shao, N.W.Y. (2006). An ontology based content model for intelligent Web content access services. Int’l Journal of Web Service Research, 3(2), 59-78.
    [5]Yang, S.J.H., & Shao, N.W.Y. (2007). Enhancing pervasive web accessibility with rule-based adaptation strategy. Expert System with Applications, 32(4), 1154-1167.
    [6]Stuary, G., Rag, T., & Sreedhar, K. (2003). ATTENUATOR: Towards preserving originally appearance of large documents when rendered on small screen. Proc. Int’l Conf. Multimedia Expo ’03,July.
    [7]Su, N.M., Sakane, Y., Tsukamoto, M., & Nishio, S. (2002). Rajicon: Remote PC GUI operations via constricted mobile interfaces. Proc. Eighth Ann. Int’l Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking.
    [8]Song, H., Chu, H., Islam, N., Kurakake, S., & Katagiri, M. (2002). Browser State Repository Service. Proceedings of International Conference on Pervasive Computing, 253-266.
    [9]Butler, M., Giannetti, F., Gimson, R., & Wiley, T. (2002). Device independence and the Web. IEEE Internet Computing, 6(5), 81–86.
    [10]Lum, W.Y., & Lau, F.C.M. (2002). On balancing between transcoding overhead and spatial consumption in content adaptation. In Proc. of ACM Mobicom, 239–250.
    [11]Bj?rn, K., Honghui, L., Jeffrey, M., & Bryan, H. (2003). Architecture and performance of server-directed transcoding. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT), Volume 3, Issue 4, 392 - 424.
    [12]Hsieh, M. D., Wang, T. P., Tsai, C. S., & Tseng, C. C. (2005). Stateful session handoff for mobile WWW. Journal of Information Sciences.
    [13]Markus, E., Hana, R., Ricardo, C.A. da R., & Vagner S. (2005). Proxy-based Adaptation for Mobile Computing. Monografias em Ciencia da Computacao, No. 24/05.
    [14]Kurz, B., Popescu, I., & Gallacher, S. (2004). FACADE – A Framework for Context-aware content Adaptation and Delivery. Second Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research, 46-55, Canada.
    [15]W3C. In 7 Points, from http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Points/.
    [16]Emiliani, P. L., & Stephanidis C. (2005). Universal access to ambient intelligence environments: opportunities and challenges for people with disabilities. IBM Systems Journal, 44(3), 605-619.
    [17]Adam, N.R., Athuri, V., Adiwiyaya, I., Banerjee, S., Holowczak, R. (2001). A dynamic manifestation approach for providing universal access to digital library objects. IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 13(4), 705-716.
    [18]Orchard, M., & Bouman, C. (1991). Color quantization of images. IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, 39(12), 2677-2689.
    [19]Lee, K., Chang, H.S., Chun, S.S. Choi, H., & Sull, S. (2001). Perception-based image transcoding for universal multimedia access. IEEE Int’l Conf. Image Processing, 475-478.
    [20]Ihde, S., Maglio, P.P., Meyer, J., & Barrett, R. (2001). Intermediary-based transcoding framework. IBM System Journal, 40(1), 179–192.
    [21]Brankov, J.G., Yang, Y., & Wernick, M.N. (2001). Tomographic image reconstruction using content-adaptive mesh modeling. Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. Image Processing, 690-693.
    [22]Lee, J., Yang, Y., & Wernick, M.N. (2000). A new approach for image-content adaptive mesh generation. Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. Image Processing, 256-259.
    [23]Chang, S.F., Zhong, D., & Kumar, R. (2001). Real-time content-based adaptive streaming of sports videos. Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. Workshop Content-Based Access of Image and Video Libraries, 139-146.
    [24]Vetro, A., Wang, Y., & Sun, H. (2001). Rate-distortion optimized video coding considering frameskip. Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. Image Processing. 534-537.
    [25]Reed, E.C., & Lim, J.S. (2002). Optimal multidimensional bit-rate control for video communications. IEEE Trans. Image Processing, 11(8), 873-885.
    [26]Turaga, D.S., & Schaar, M.V.D. (2003). Content adaptive filtering in the UMCTF Framework. Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. Multimedia & Expo(ICME), 821-824.
    [27]Shanableh, T., & Ghanbari, M. (2000). Heterogeneous video transcoding to lower spatio-temporal resolutions and different encoding formats. IEEE Trans. Multimedia, 2(2), 101-110.
    [28]Huang, C.M., Hsu, T.H., & Chang, C.K. (2002). A Proxy-based Adaptive Flow Control Scheme for Media Streaming. Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (ACM SAC2002), 750-754.
    [29]IBM, In IBM Software - WebSphere Transcoding Publisher - Product Overview, from http://www-306.ibm.com/software/pervasive/transcoding_publisher.
    [30]Lemlouma T., & Layaida N. (2002). Universal Profiling for Content Negotiation and Adaptation in Heterogeneous Environments.W3C Workshop on Delivery Context. W3C/INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, France.
    [31]Lemlouma, T., & Layaida, N. (2003). Adapted content delivery for different contexts. Symposium on Applications and the Internet, 190-197, Florida, USA.
    [32]Lemlouma, T., & Layaida, N. (2004). Context-aware adaptation for mobile devices, IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management, 106-111, USA.
    [33]Lum, W. Y., & Lau, F. C. M. (2002). A context-aware decision engine for content adaptation. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 1(3), 41-49.
    [34]Pashtan, A., Kollipara, S., & Shoaib, S. (2003). Adapting content for wireless web service. IEEE Internet Computing, 7(5), 79-85.
    [35]Toivonen, S., Kolari, J., & Laakko, T. (2003). Facilitating mobile users with contextualized content. Artificial Intelligence in Mobile System Workshop. USA.
    [36]Ramaswamy, L., Iyengar, A., Liu, L., & Douglis, F. (2005). Automatic fragment detection in dynamic Web pages and its impact on caching. IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Engineering, 17(6), 859-874.
    [37]Amiri, K., Park, S., Tewari, R., & Padmanabhan, S. (2003). DBProxy: A self-managing edge-of-network data cache. Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. Data End. (ICDE).
    [38]Edge Side Includes. In ESI Official Site, from http://www.esi.org/.
    [39]Li, W.S., Hsuing, W.P., Kalashnikov, D.V., Sion, R., Po, O., et al. (2002). Issues and evaluations of caching solutions for Web application acceleration. Proc. 28th Int’l Conf. Very Large Data Bases (VLDB).
    [40]Yagoub, K. Florescu, D. Valduriez, P., & Issarny, V. (2000). Caching strategies for data-intensive Web sites. Proc. 26th Int’l Conf. Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) ’00.
    [41]Pons, A. P. (2003). Web-application centric object prefetching. Journal of Systems and Software, 67(3), 193-200.
    [42]Yuan, C., Chen, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2003). Evaluation of edge caching / offloading for dynamic content delivery. Proc. 12th Int’l World Wide Web Conf.
    [43]Yuan, C., Hua, Z., & Zhang, Z. (2003). Proxy+: Simple proxy augmentation for dynamic content processing. Proc. Int’l Web Caching Workshop ’03.
    [44]Liu, L., Buttler, D., Caverlee, J., Pu, C., & Zhang, J. (2005). A methodical approach to extracting interesting objects from dynamic web pages. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 1(2), 165-195.
    [45]Chen, J.L., Zhou, B.Y., Shi, J., Zhang, H.J., & Wu, Q.F. (2001). Function-based object model towards website adaptation. Proc. of WWW-10, 587-596, Hong Kong.
    [46]Lum, W. Y., & Lau, F.C.M. (2005). User-centric adaptation of structured Web documents for small devices. 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 507-512.
    [47]Chen, Y., Ma, W.Y., Zhang, H.J. (2003). Detecting web page structure for adaptive viewing on small form factor devices. 12th Int’l World Wide Web Conference, 225-233.
    [48]Hua, Z., Xie, X., Liu, H., Lu, H., Ma, W. Y. (2006). Design and Performance Studies of an Adaptive Scheme for Serving Dynamic Web Content in a Mobile Computing Environment. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 5(12), 1650-1662.
    [49]He, J., Gao, T., Hao, W., Yen, I. L., & Bastani, F. (2007). A flexible content adaptation system using a rule-based approach. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 19(1), 127-140.
    [50]Yang, S.J.H., Zhang, J., Chen, R.C.S., & Shao, N.W.Y. (2007). A unit of information-based content adaptation method for improving Web content accessibility. ETRI Journal, 29(6), 794-807.
    [51]Tsai, T.T. (2007). An automatic semantic-segment detection method in the HTML language. Unpublished dissertation, National Central University, Taiwan.
    [52]iPhone, In Apple Corporation, from http://www.apple.com/iphone
    [53]Windows Mobile 6.1, In Microsoft Corporation, from http://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/6-1/default.mspx
    [54]Tidy, In SOURCEFORGE.NET, from http://jtidy.sourceforge.net
    [55]CSS, In W3C Candidate Recommendation: Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 ( CSS 2.1 ) Specification, from http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21
    [56]LCS algorithm, In Wikipedia, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_common_subsequence
    [57]Ross, T.J. (1995). Fuzzy logic with engineering applications (International Edition). USA: McGraw-Hill.
    [58]Information entropy. In Wikipedia, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_entropy.
    [59]Eclipse. In Eclipse.org, from http://www.eclipse.org
    [60]Muffin. In MUFFIN.DOIT.ORG, from http://muffin.doit.org
    [61]Lin, S.Q. (2007). Proxy-based context-oriented content adaptation. Unpublished dissertation, National Central University, Taiwan.
    [62]NCU, In National Central University, from http://www.ncu.edu.tw
    [63]NKFUST, In National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, from http://www.nkfust.edu.tw
    [64]NCTU, In National Chino Tung University, from http://www.nctu.edu.tw
    [65]Harvard, In Harvard University, from http://www.harvard.edu
    [66]Berkeley, In UC Berkeley Home Page, from http://www.berkeley.edu
    [67]ASUS, In ASUS Corporation, from http://usa.asus.com
    [68]IBM, In IBM United States, from http://www.ibm.com/tw
    [69]Notiemail, In Notiemail.com: A Gate to the world, from http://news.notiemail.com/index.asp?lang=en
    [70]Amazone, In Amazon.com: Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs, & more, from http://www.amazone.com
    [71]Ebay, In eBay: New & used electronics, cars, apparel, collectibles, sporting goods & more at low prices, from http://www.ebay.com
    [72]Flowgo, In Flowgo: Cute Cartoons, Funny Videos, from http://www.flowgo.com
    [73]Flickr, In Flickr: Photo Sharing, from http://www.flickr.com/groups/tw/
    [74]BBC, In BBC News, from http://www.bbc.co.uk
    [75]Google News, In Google News, from http://news.google.com.tw
    [76]Sify, In Sify India News. from http://www.sify.com
    [77]My Way, In Myway.com: web portal and search engine, from http://www.myway.com
    [78]Rediff, In Refidd.com: India''s leading internet portal for news, mail, messenger, entertainment, business, mobile, & more, from http://in.rediff.com
    [79]DIMUSEUM, In DIMUSEUM.COM: Art of Digital Innovation, from http://www.dimuseum.com
    [80]Blackboard, In Blackboard Academic Suite for National Central University, from http://bb.ncu.edu.tw
    [81]Love to Know, In LoveToKnow.COM: information, articles and ideas on everything you need to know, from http://www.lovetoknow.com

    QR CODE
    :::