限用物質對漆包線產業影響探討｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	鄒春旺 Chun-wang Tsou
論文名稱：	限用物質對漆包線產業影響探討 The exploration and impact of restricted substance to enameled wire industry.
指導教授：	于樹偉 Shuh-woei Yu
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 環境工程研究所在職專班 Executive Master of Environmental Engineering
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	119
中文關鍵詞：	IECQ HSPM QC080000 、限用物質、綠色供應鏈、綠色產品、REACH 、RoHS 、平衡計分卡、漆包線產業
外文關鍵詞：	REACH, IECQ HSPM QC080000, Green Supply Chain, Green Product, Balanced Scorecard, Enameled Wire, RoHS
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摘要
國際間綠色產品發展趨勢與歐盟RoHS與REACH環境危害限用物質管制法規實施，造成企業營運相當的衝擊與影響。企業藉由綠色供應鏈管理與綠色產品管理系統推動，迎接綠色產品挑戰要求，已是當今企業面臨最重要的課題。
本研究以廣泛使用於電子電機產品零組件的漆包線為對象，探討限用物質管制要求對企業所造成的影響，目的在確認漆包線業界面臨限用物質管制要求時所產生的問題及所需要之協助，尋求較佳的管理模式面對這不可抵擋的綠色衝擊。研究結果顯示，漆包線產業面對RoHS指令與REACH法規要求的限用物質管制，都已被供應鏈客戶端要求進行限用物質管制，並且企業因應限用物質管制都有不同程度的瞭解與採取不同的因應措施，積極應對的廠商採取的方法為加入SONY公司Green Partner之綠色供應鏈體系或是導入IECQ HSPM QC080000無有害物質管理系統，未積極應對的廠商也採取於原有ISO 14001環境管理系統或是ISO 9001品質管理系統，再加以強化限用物質管制內容。由平衡計分卡展開的企業經營視角研究發現，平衡計分卡四大構面中漆包線產業以內部流程構面之資源投入最多，所得到的管理績效也最佳，展開之細部評量指標則以企業內部流程構面之創新流程、生產流程與顧客構面之夥伴關係與配合能力表現較佳，顯示漆包線產業在平衡計分卡內部流程改善與配合顧客要求議題上，因應情形表現良好。
本研究建議企業面對限用物質管制的挑戰，企業可以採取推行IECQ HSPM QC080000或SONY Green Partner等綠色產品管理系統、要求供應商建立內部限用管制物質管理規範，或是要求供應商加入公司綠色供應鏈夥伴組織之方式強化公司對限用物質管制之能力。
關鍵詞：RoHS、REACH、限用物質、綠色供應鏈、IECQ HSPM QC080000、綠色產品、平衡計分卡、漆包線產業

Abstract
With the ever-increasing demands on electrical and electronic products and short life cycles of these products, it is imperative that these products possess minimum risk to human health and the environment during their life cycle. The Restriction of the use of Hazardous Substances Directive of the European Union, RoSH, aims to limit the amount of six hazardous substances used in the manufacturing of many electrical and electronic products. Starting from July 1st 2006, electrical and electronic equipment producers are required to provide document proving that their products are compliant with RoSH.
Enameled wire is used in applications such as winding electric motor coils, transformers, electromagnets and inductors. Almost all electrical and electronic equipment contains components made of enameled wire. Most of the enameled wire use polymer resins as coating material, which makes it a possible candidate of RoSH requirements. This research attempts to analyze the compliance status and approach, taken or to be taken, of enameled wire manufacturers toward RoSH requirements.
A questionnaire survey was utilized to collect the information of the responding enameled wire manufacturers located in Taiwan, Mainland China and Southeast Asia. Questions based on the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard such as financial, customer, learning and growth, and internal business processes were designed to evaluate a company’s attitude and implementation strategy concerning RoSH or green supply chain. The survey results were checked for validity and reliability before being processed using SPSS software.
The results from this research show that the enameled wire manufacturers are subjected to the restriction of the use of hazardous substances arising from the green supply chain requirements. The survey results reveal that the enameled wire manufacturers have different levels of knowledge and understanding of RoSH. Proactive organizations have responded to the EU Directive by participating in the green supply chain of Sony’s Green Partner or by adopting IECQ HSPM QC080000, which applies a systems approach in managing restricted substances. A number of the enameled wire producing companies have expanded their existing ISO 14001 environmental management system or ISO 9001 quality management system to meet RoSH requirements. This research has found that the most proactive companies in the enameled wire business have invested resources in upgrading their internal processes. Results from the Balanced Scorecard illustrate that customers’ demands have the greatest impact on enameled wire manufacturers’ willingness to improve their internal processes.
This research recommends that when facing the challenges of restricted substances control, enameled wire manufacturers should adopt the systems approach such as IECQ HSPM QC080000 or should join the Sony Green Partner program. Manufacturers should also request their suppliers to set up their internal restricted substances control program or request the suppliers to become part of the green supply chain in order to strengthen their restricted substances control capability.
Keywords: RoHS, REACH, Green Supply Chain, IECQ HSPM QC080000, Green Product, Balanced Scorecard, Enameled Wire

目   錄
頁次
中文摘要 .............................................................................................................. i
英文摘要 ............................................................................................................... ii
誌謝 ................................................................................................................... iv
目錄 .................................................................................................................... v
圖目錄  ................................................................................................................ ix
表目錄   ................................................................................................................. x
第一章      緒論.................................................................................................... 1
1       研究背景與動機...................................................................................... 1
2       研究目的與範圍...................................................................................... 2
2.1    研究目的................................................................................................. 2
2.2    研究範圍................................................................................................. 3
3       研究方法與流程...................................................................................... 3
3.1    研究方法................................................................................................. 3
3.2    研究架構................................................................................................. 4
第二章      文獻探討............................................................................................. 5
1       漆包線產業介紹...................................................................................... 5
1.1    漆包線產業............................................................................................. 5
1.2    漆包線與限用物質之關係.................................................................... 8
2       限用物質管理法令法規現況.................................................................. 8
2.1    RoHS與WEEE指令立法背景.................................................................. 8
2.2    RoHS與WEEE指令簡介........................................................................... 9
2.3    RoHS相關國際法令比較........................................................................ 13
2.4    REACH法規介紹................................................................................... 17
2.5    限制物質國際大廠綠色採購標準....................................................... 21
3       綠色供應鏈與綠色採購管理體系........................................................ 22
3.1    供應鏈的定義與供應鏈管理............................................................... 22
3.2    綠色供應鏈管理................................................................................... 23
3.3    綠色採購............................................................................................... 25
3.4    綠色產品............................................................................................... 27
3.5    綠色產品管理系統............................................................................... 27
第三章      研究方法........................................................................................... 30
1       研究流程與架構.................................................................................... 30
2       研究方法與評量模式............................................................................ 32
2.1    平衡計分卡介紹................................................................................... 33
3.2    問卷的形式與計分............................................................................... 35
3       問項及問卷設計.................................................................................... 36
4       資料處理................................................................................................ 39
4.1    效度及信度........................................................................................... 39
4.2    敘述統計............................................................................................... 40
4.3    相關分析............................................................................................... 41
4.4    單因子變異數分析............................................................................... 41
5       研究限制................................................................................................ 42
第四章      結果與討論...................................................................................... 43
1       研究企業及個人基本資料.................................................................... 43
2       企業對於限用物質管制執行情形........................................................ 48
2.1    信度分析............................................................................................... 48
2.2    限用物質管制執行情形研究變項描述性統計分析........................... 49
2.2.1  限用物質管制執行情形「財務構面」描述性統計分析結果............ 49
2.2.2  限用物質管制執行情形「顧客構面」描述性統計分析結果.............. 51
2.2.3  限用物質管制執行情形「內部流程構面」描述性統計分析結果......53
2.2.4  限用物質管制執行情形「學習與成長構面」描述性統計分析結果..57
2.2.5  限用物質管制執行情形「反式問項」描述性統計分析結果............. 60
3       企業對於限用物質管制執行困難......................................................... 61
3.1    企業尚未進行限用物質管制工作可能原因........................................ 62
3.2    因應客戶限用物質管制工作要求企業所面臨的問題........................ 63
3.3    因應限用物質管制工作企業內部執行問題........................................ 64
4       企業對於限用物質管制改善建議......................................................... 68
4.1    企業因應限用物質管制要求需要加強之改善措施............................ 68
4.2    企業因應限用物質管制工作可能採取的永續經營/持續改善措施... 70
5       研究資料分析與檢定............................................................................. 71
5.1    基本資料研究變項之相關分析............................................................ 71
5.2    不同背景條件對企業限用物質管制因應之影響分析........................ 74
5.2.1   公司資本額對企業限用物質管制資產利用之影響........................... 74
5.2.2   公司資本額對企業限用物質管制顧客綠色滿意之影響................... 75
5.2.3   廠商型態對企業限用物質管制創新流程之影響............................... 76
5.2.4   HSPM驗證對企業限用物質管制生產流程之影響............................ 78
5.2.5   SONY GP驗證對企業限用物質管制生產流程之影響...................... 80
5.2.6   HSPM管制方式對企業限用物質管制生產流程之影響.................... 82
5.2.7   SONY GP管制方式對企業限用物質管制生產流程之影響….......... 84
5.2.8  不同背景條件對企業限用物質管制因應影響分析總結..................... 85
第五章      結論與建議.......................................................................................... 87
1       研究結論.................................................................................................... 87
2       建議............................................................................................................ 90
參考文獻........................................................................................................... 93
附錄一      問卷調查表........................................................................................ 96

                                

參考文獻
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