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研究生: 鍾權淇
Quan-Qi Chong
論文名稱: 應用數位影像分析探討瀝青混凝土之粒料結構
指導教授: 林志棟
Jyh-Dong Lin
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
畢業學年度: 88
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 130
中文關鍵詞: 數位影像處理瀝青混凝土粒料結構石膠泥瀝青混凝土
外文關鍵詞: Digital Image Process, Stone Mastic Asphalt, Internal Structure Characterization of Asphalt Con
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  • 不再侷限在以往太空遙測及軍事用途上,其在土木工程上的應用也逐
    漸增加。藉由數位影像處理的技術與相關軟體的配合不但可克服過去
    人工觀測費時費力的缺點,並可透過影像處理軟體進行快速且客觀的
    定量分析,獲得其它傳統試驗所無法獲得之重要參數,同時提高其精
    本研究之目的主要應用數位影像分析之技術來檢視粒料形狀特
    性以取代傳統人工主觀檢視之方式,達到省時省力而又不損失精確度
    的目的。透過影像處理分析技術進行大量的定量分析。另一方面藉由
    數位影像分析之技術探討粒料結構改變,對瀝青混凝土力學成效特性
    的影響。經由實驗室各項力學成效試驗比較石膠泥瀝青混凝土(簡稱
    SMA)及傳統密級配(簡稱DGAC)之差異。希望藉由粒料結構之特性
    與其反應之巨觀工程性質作一分析探討。以微觀的量化參數取代過去
    研究結果顯示,透過影像處理軟體確實可以快速且客觀地對粒料
    形狀做定量之分析,獲得其它傳統試驗所無法獲得之重要參數。另
    外,SMA 在粒料結構方面,其粒料可提供較佳之互鎖力及強壯的骨
    架,因此較傳統密級配表層鋪面具有較高之抗變形能力



    techniques, applications of digital image process is no longer limited to
    remote sensing or military purposes. Nowadays, researches in the field
    of civil engineering utilize this technique. The technique of digital
    image process and the incorporated relating software can help us
    overcome the time-consuming and labor-intensive problem in analyzing
    the aggregate structure of asphalt concrete. In the mean time, it offers a
    rapid and objective quantitative analysis. Consequently, significant
    parameters that can hardly be obtained from traditional experiments can
    then be easily and accurately collected.
    The objective of this study is mainly focused on examining the
    particle shape characteristics of the coarse aggregates by digital image
    analysis instead of the traditional way – which is more subjective. It’s
    expected to reach the goal of time and labor saving without losing
    accuracy. Thus, we can make a great deal of quantitative analysis
    through digital image analysis. On the other hand, we can discuss
    what’s the effect of changes of aggregate arrangement on mechanical
    behavior of asphalt concrete. With various mechanical experiments, we
    compare the differences of aggregate structures between Stone Mastic
    Asphalt (SMA) and Dense-Graded Asphalt Concrete (DGAC). The
    aggregate structures are then investigated by the engineering properties of
    composition and macrocosm. Analyzing the test data, we conclude that
    the composition of aggregates and their behavior of mechanics are closely
    correlated, hence the micro quantitative parameters can be substituted forthe past macrocosm description.
    The result reveals that application of the rapid and objective
    quantitative image process on analysis of the shape of aggregate is
    feasible. Meanwhile, important parameters, such as aggregate
    orientation, obtained with the digital image process are also found
    adequate to describe mechanical behavior of asphalt concrete.
    Moreover, SMA is found, as other studies, to have better ability to resist
    permanent deformation than DGAC as a result of the stone-on-stone
    action.

    I 目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ 圖目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅵ 表目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------IX 第一章緒論......................................................................................1 1.1 前言........................................................................................1 1.2 研究目的.................................................................................2 1.3 研究範圍.................................................................................2 1.4 預期研究成果.........................................................................3 第二章文獻回顧................................................................................4 2.1 前言........................................................................................4 2.2 瀝青膠泥之基本性質...............................................................4 2.2.1 感溫性............................................................................4 2.2.2 黏滯度............................................................................5 2.2.3 瀝青材料試驗資料圖......................................................5 2.3 粒料之來源及基本性質..........................................................6 2.3.1 粒料來源.......................................................................6 2.3.2 粒料特性.......................................................................7 2.3.3 粒料形狀特性..............................................................10 2.3.4 粒料級配.....................................................................10 2.4 瀝青混凝土之種類及結構....................................................12 2.5 密級配瀝青混凝土................................................................13 2.6 石膠泥瀝青混凝土(SMA).....................................................13 II 2.6.1 SMA 之結構及特性......................................................14 2.6.2 粒料.............................................................................15 2.6.3 摻料.............................................................................16 2.6.4 瀝青膠泥.....................................................................16 2.6.5 礦物填充料..................................................................18 2.7 影像處理與分析...................................................................19 2.7.1 影像處理於土木工程之應用.......................................19 2.7.2 影像處理基本架構......................................................20 2.7.3 影像處理與分析..........................................................21 2.8 顆粒材料之組構與力學特性.................................................22 第三章試驗計劃與流程...................................................................25 3.1 試驗材料與配置..................................................................25 3.1.1 瀝青膠泥...................................................................25 3.1.2 粒料與填充料............................................................25 3.1.3 級配...........................................................................26 3.1.4 纖維...........................................................................26 3.1.5 試驗之配置................................................................28 3.2 研究流程..............................................................................28 3.2.1 試驗流程...................................................................28 3.2.2 試驗項目...................................................................31 3.3 瀝青膠泥基本性質試驗.......................................................32 3.3.1 針入度試驗.................................................................32 3.3.2 黏滯度試驗.................................................................32 3.3.3 軟化點試驗.................................................................34 3.4 粒料基本性質試驗...............................................................34 III 3.4.1 比重試驗...................................................................34 3.4.2 扁平率試驗與稜角率試驗..........................................35 3.4.3 洛杉磯磨損試驗.........................................................36 3.5 SMA 及密級配配合設計........................................................37 3.5.1 配合設計簡介............................................................37 3.5.2 瀝青垂流試驗(Draindown Test) ..............................38 3.6 瀝青混凝土試體之製作........................................................40 3.6.1 SGC 試體之製作..........................................................40 3.6.2 馬歇爾試體之製作......................................................40 3.6.3 車轍試體之製作..........................................................41 3.7 瀝青混凝土試體之切片與處理............................................43 3.8 瀝青混凝土影像的擷取、處理與分析.................................44 3.8.1 瀝青混凝土影像的擷取................................................44 3.8.2 瀝青混凝土影像的辨識處理........................................45 3.8.3 瀝青混凝土影像的分析與計算.....................................46 3.9 瀝青混凝土之力學成效試驗................................................48 3.9.1 回彈模數試驗(ASTM D4123) ...............................48 3.9.2.間接張力試驗............................................................50 3.9.3 靜態潛變試驗............................................................52 3.9.4 動態潛變試驗............................................................53 3.9.5 車轍輪跡試驗............................................................56 第四章試驗結果分析.......................................................................57 4.1 影像處理程式之分析與應用.................................................57 4.1.1 辨識與分類程式之應用................................................57 4.1.2 相關參數計算程式之應用............................................59 IV 4.1.3 程式之驗證...................................................................63 4.2 瀝青膠泥基本性質試驗結果分析.........................................66 4.2.1 瀝青膠泥基本物性分析...............................................66 4.2.2 瀝青材料試驗資料圖(BTDC)......................................68 4.3 粒料基本性質試驗結果分析.................................................69 4.4 瀝青混凝土配合設計............................................................71 4.4.1 配合設計結果..............................................................71 4.4.2 瀝青垂流量試驗結果...................................................71 4.5 影像擷取方式之選擇............................................................72 4.6 壓實方式之比較...................................................................75 4.6.1 SGC 壓實試驗..............................................................75 4.6.2 壓實方式對粒料排列分佈之影響................................77 4.6.3 試體橫切面與縱切面之比較.......................................80 4.7 利用影像處理分析取代傳統粒料試驗..................................83 4.7.1 利用影像處理求扁平率...............................................84 4.7.2 利用影像處理計算稜角率及形狀因子........................86 4.8 SMA 與密級配瀝青混凝土之結構.........................................90 4.9 瀝青混凝土之粒料結構與力學性質之關係..........................91 4.9.1 相關分析模型..............................................................92 4.9.2 粒料結構對回彈模數之影響.......................................93 4.9.3 間接張力分析..............................................................94 4.9.4 靜態潛變分析..............................................................97 4.9.4 動態潛變分析..............................................................99 4.9.5 車轍輪跡試驗分析.................................................... 100 4.9.6 輪跡試驗後粒料排列狀況之改變.............................. 102 V 第五章結論與建議......................................................................... 106 5.1 結論.................................................................................... 106 5.2 建議.................................................................................... 109 參考文獻-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110 附錄一我國CNS 改質瀝青規範.................................................... 115 附錄二ⅣC 密級配影像處理範例................................................... 116 附錄三SMA 影像處理範例............................................................ 126

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